Читать книгу Основной метод философии The Basic Method of Philosophy - Александр Жалнин - Страница 8

So, if we proceed from the fact that philosophy is “a regulator of the relationship between the objective and subjective sides of consciousness” (see “The Place of Philosophizing in the System of Thinking”) and that “the change in the states of the functioning of consciousness – subjective and objective – is, on the other hand, a change in the mode of functioning of the brain” (see “Philosophizing and functioning of the brain”), from this, in particular, it follows that:

A) The subject of philosophical consideration can be any phenomenon considered through the mutual transition of the subjective and objective, or through the dialectic of its objective and subjective sides, and such philosophical consideration is limited to this angle of view and cannot replace or replace the study of its objective or subjective sides separately. On the other hand, the philosophical consideration of a phenomenon can influence the content of its concept both from the objective and from the subjective side, bringing them into line with the needs of mutual transition. So, for example, the philosophy of smoking or the philosophy of education cannot study the benefits or harms of smoking or the composition of the educational methodology – this is what medicine and educational disciplines do – but it can study the effect of smoking and educational methods on consciousness. Conversely, it can study the influence of consciousness on smoking cessation and on the effectiveness of educational methods,

B) The subject of philosophy is determined by its method and is not limited to any area of knowledge or culture,

C) Philosophizing as a way of thinking is not the prerogative of professional philosophers, but exists in any human activity and is determined by the needs of solving specific issues in this area,

D) Philosophy as a discipline is a system of knowledge about the philosophical method and the practice of its application, in other words, there is no reality separate from nature or consciousness, which would be the subject of philosophy,

E) The change in the definitions of the subject and method of philosophy is historically conditioned due to the isolation in the last few centuries of sciences, arts and other activities into independent disciplines that have objectively formulated definitions of their own foundations,

E) Modern philosophical theories, not based on the principle of the dialectic of the objective and the subjective, are not philosophical studies, but are either speculative schemes that streamline subjective terminology, or studies that duplicate branch disciplines.

I call the philosophical method of the dialectics of the objective and the subjective the Basic Method of Philosophy in order to single it out as a unique and philosophically formative method of thinking.