The Uncounted

The Uncounted
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What we count matters – and in a world where policies and decisions are underpinned by numbers, statistics and data, if you’re not counted, you don’t count. <br /> <br /> Alex Cobham argues that systematic gaps in economic and demographic data not only lead us to understate a wide range of damaging inequalities, but also to actively exacerbate them. He shows how, in statistics ranging from electoral registers to household surveys and census data, people from disadvantaged groups, such as indigenous populations, women, and disabled people, are consistently underrepresented. This further marginalizes them, reducing everything from their political power to their weight in public spending decisions. Meanwhile, corporations and the ultra-rich seek ever greater complexity and opacity in their financial affairs – and when their wealth goes untallied, it means they can avoid regulation and taxation. <br /> <br /> This brilliantly researched book shows how what we do and don’t count is not a neutral or ‘technical’ question: the numbers that rule our world are skewed by raw politics. Cobham forensically lays bare how these issues strike at the heart of our democracy, entrenching inequality and injustice – and outlines what we can do about it.

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Alex Cobham. The Uncounted

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Guide

Pages

Dedication

The Uncounted

Preface

Abbreviations

Introduction

Notes

Part IUncounted and Excluded: The Unpeople Hidden at the Bottom

Notes

1 Development’s Data Problem

GDP: Global Data Problem

Developing Thought

Bad Incentives, Bad Data

‘Leave No One Behind’

Notes

2 The ‘Data Revolution’

Technical Challenges

Power Concedes Nothing

Notes

3 We the People – But Only Some of Them

Life and Death, Uncounted

Uncountable?

Disenfranchised

Uncounted at the Bottom

Notes

Part IIUncounted and Illicit: The Unmoney Hiding at the Top

Notes

4 Uncounted at the Top

Profit Shifting and Undeclared Ownership

Financial Secrecy Jurisdictions

The ABC of Tax Transparency

Notes

5 Tax and Illicit Financial Flows in the Sustainable Development Goals

Tax in the Sustainable Development Goals

Illicit Financial Flows in the Sustainable Development Goals

Notes

6 Inequality, Understated

Distribution Data: The Missing Top

Misleading Metrics: Gini vs Palma

Inequality in the SDGs

Notes

Part IIIThe Uncounted Manifesto

Uncounted at the Bottom

A ‘World We Are’ commission

Uncounted at the Top

UN Centre for Monitoring Taxing Rights

Financial transparency convention: deliver the ABC of tax transparency

Global asset registry: reveal world wealth distribution

Unitary taxation: end profit shifting

Notes

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

POLITY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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For MAP – without whom I would, of course, be lost

The uncounted is the kind of idea that, once it’s in your head, you find yourself seeing everywhere. At least I did. And so this book is a distillation of much of the work I’ve been lucky enough to be part of since that QEH interview. I am grateful to each of the organizations that have given me the chance, and each of the people who supported it, facilitated it, tolerated it, inspired it, turned a blind eye to it …

.....

The choice of who and what go uncounted, excluded either from the gathered statistics or from the chosen metrics, is equally a question of power. And the roles of power and social construction in counting are not optional. There is no ‘neutral’ option in which counting decisions are taken in a vacuum, free from political concerns. And there are no meaningful counting decisions that do not have political implications.

We cannot design a system that inoculates societies from these core characteristics of counting. But we can inoculate ourselves to a degree, from the ‘seduction of quantification’, by opening our eyes to it: by understanding the central dynamics, and the possible nature and extent of the biases that result. We can count better. And if we do, the world can be better.

.....

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