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A complaint often seen in young puppies, though it may occur in full-grown dogs. It is generally the result of straining caused by diarrhœa.

Symptoms: The lower bowel or rectum protrudes for an inch or more from the body, which, if not relieved, becomes inflamed and swollen, and the patient is constantly straining.

Treatment: Return the protruding part as quickly as possible. This is best done by holding the dog up with the hind legs, and then after vaselining the part, applying firm pressure with the fingers, and the prolapsus will slip in. This is very simple and easy, but the difficulty is to keep it in. There are several ways of trying to do this, but first of all give a small enema, from one[1] to four teaspoonfuls of thick boiled starch, with from five[1] to twenty drops of laudanum to stop the straining. In a recent case this may have the desired effect, and the prolapsus not return; if it does, then it must be put back as before, and to keep the bowel in, a couple of strong sutures should be placed through the anus, one from above downward, and the other crossways, or what is called a purse-string suture may be inserted. Another way is by inserting and fixing in the bowel by means of tapes the lower insertion portion of an enema tube, the tapes should be passed across the outside of the thighs, then crossed under the belly and tied over the back. But often, in spite of every care and treatment, the dog will keep straining and force the bowel out time after time. In such cases, the only thing to do is to remove the prolapsus by operation. This operation requires a considerable amount of care, or fatal hæmorrhage may occur, or the peritoneal cavity may be opened and peritonitis set up.