Читать книгу The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph - Alfred Vail - Страница 9
Specimen of the Telegraphic Language.
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From the peculiarity of the motion obtained at the pen lever by the action of the battery upon the electro magnet, it is evident that a few elements only are presented upon which to base the telegraphic characters. The motion of the lever, to which is attached the steel pen points, is vibratory; but capable of being so controlled as to cause it to retain either of its positions (that is, up or down) as long, and at such intervals, and in as quick succession as the operator may choose. Therefore, every sort of combination which dots, lines and spaces, in any succession, and of any length can make, are here as much at the pleasure of the telegraphic manipulator, as the English alphabet is with the letter writer. So that if from this countless variety, twenty-six of the most simple, to represent letters, and ten to represent the numerals, shall be taken, we come at once into possession of the means of representing words and sentences, by new, but intelligible characters, and through them, can be conveyed as clearly, and as concisely, as if they were given viva voce, or written in Roman characters. Such is the alphabet given above. This conventional alphabet was originated on board the packet Sully, by Prof. Morse, the very first elements of the invention, and arose from the necessity of the case; the motion produced by the magnet being limited to a single action.
During the period of thirteen years, many plans have been devised by the inventor to bring the telegraphic alphabet to its simplest form. The plan of using the common letters of the alphabet, twenty-six in number, with twenty-six wires, one wire to each letter, has received its due share of his time and thought. Other modes of using the common letters of the alphabet, with a single wire, has also been under his consideration. Plans of using two, three, four, five and six wires to one registering machine, have, in their turn, received proportionate study and deliberation. But these, and many other plans, after much care and many experiments, have been discarded; he being satisfied that they do not possess that essential element, simplicity, which belongs to his original first thought, and the one which he has adopted. A detailed account of these various plans with fewer or more wires, might be given here, but it will suffice merely to present the alphabet adapted to a register, using 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 wires, with a separate pen to each wire capable of working together, or in any succession. It is obvious that every additional pen will give an additional element to increase the combination, and were there any real advantage in such an arrangement it would have been adopted long since.
No. 1.
| Alphabet for two pens, operating together or in succession. | |||||||||
| · | · | · | · | ·· | ·· | · | · | ·· | |
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| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |
| -- | -- | · | · | -- | -- | -- | ·· | --· | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- | · | · | ·· | -- | ||
| K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
| ·-- | --· | ·-- | · | · | --· | ·-- | · | ||
| --· | ·-- | · | · | ·-- | --· | · | · | --· | |
| U | V | W | X | Y | Z | & | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| · | ·-- | --· | --· | ·-- | -- | -- | |||
| ·-- | ·-- | --· | -- | -- | --· | ·-- | |||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | |||
