Читать книгу Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion - Alison Chapman - Страница 86

Intrinsic staining occurs within the tooth structure during its development (before birth, or during early childhood), and before it erupts (except in cases of pulpal death, usually caused by trauma). Intrinsic stains cannot be removed, although tooth whitening can conceal them. The whitened tooth will continue to darken with age, but the whitening process can be topped up so that intrinsic stains remain concealed.

Causes of intrinsic staining include:

 Tetracycline – an antibiotic. Taken by a baby or young child, or passed to the foetus by pregnant mother (white, yellow, brown, and grey colours). Not recommended for children under 12 years old or pregnant women.

 Fluoride taken in excess – from tablets, swallowing toothpaste, and naturally occurring high levels in water supply. This is called fluorosis (see Chapter 11).

 Systemic (whole body) upset. Premature birth, acute illness of a baby, young child or pregnant mother can cause hypoplasia – the underdevelopment of a tooth, and therefore enamel (see Chapter 8).

 Rare, inherited imperfections in enamel or dentine – e.g. amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta (see Chapter 8).

 Death of pulp. This causes the tooth to progressively darken.

 Age – teeth naturally darken with age.