Читать книгу Introduction To Modern Planar Transmission Lines - Anand K. Verma - Страница 4

1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Delayed oscillation as a wave motion‐initial oscillation v(t) at ...Figure 2.2 Double periodic variations of wave motion.Figure 2.3 Wave motion as a motion of constant phase surface. It is shown as...Figure 2.4 The ω‐β dispersion diagram of nondispersive wave.Figure 2.5 Cross‐section of a few two‐conductor transmission lines.Figure 2.6 RLCG lumped circuit model of a transmission line.Figure 2.7 Equivalent lumped circuit of a transmission line with a shunt cur...Figure 2.8 Transmission line circuit. The distance x is measured from the so...Figure 2.9 Load connections to a source.Figure 2.10 The multisection transmission line.Figure 2.11 A shunt current source at the junction of two‐line sections.Figure 2.12 A series voltage source at the junction of two‐line sections.Figure 2.13 Nonuniform transmission line.

2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Two‐port network to determine [Z] and [Y] parameters.Figure 3.2 Lumped T‐network.Figure 3.3 A transmission line section.Figure 3.4 Two‐port network for transmission parameter.Figure 3.5 Cascading of two networks to get one equivalent network.Figure 3.6 Series impedance.Figure 3.7 Shunt admittance.Figure 3.8 Basic networks.Figure 3.9 Two‐port network for evaluation of S‐parameter.Figure 3.10 A section of the multiport network. Port is shown extended with ...Figure 3.11 N‐port network showing power variables (a_i, b_i) in terms of volt...Figure 3.12 At the i^th port, the load is terminated in port characteristic i...Figure 3.13 N‐port network showing phase‐shifting property.Figure 3.14 A two‐port network with arbitrary termination.Figure 3.15 Network of series impedance.Figure 3.16 Network of shunt admittance.Figure 3.17 A transmission line circuit with an arbitrary characteristic imp...Figure 3.18 Network for Z‐parameter.Figure 3.19 Network for [ABCD] parameter.Figure 3.20 Calibration process in the measurement of S‐parameters of a devi...Figure 3.21 Nature of normal (positive) dispersion.Figure 3.22 Nature of anomalous (negative) dispersion.Figure 3.23 Description of phase and group velocities of a forward‐moving mo...Figure 3.24 Formation of a wave‐packet.Figure 3.25 ω − β diagram to get phase and group velocities.Figure 3.26 Nature of dispersion on (ω − β) the diagram.Figure 3.27 Shunt inductor loaded line and its characteristics.Figure 3.28 Lumped elements models of short transmission line sections and d...Figure 3.29 Inductor loaded CL‐line.Figure 3.30 Series capacitor loaded LC‐line.

3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The unit vector is in the direction normal to the surface.Figure 4.2 Response of nonlinear medium showing generation of harmonics.Figure 4.3 Inhomogeneous medium showing a step variation of relative permitt...Figure 4.4 The crystal axes (ξ, η, ς) and the physical axes (x, y, z) of a p...Figure 4.5 Classification of bianisotropic and bi‐isotropic materials.Figure 4.6 Circuit model, parameters of a dielectric medium.Figure 4.7 Circuit model and frequency response of lossy magnetic material....Figure 4.8 Surfaces and volume used in the integral form of Maxwell equation...Figure 4.9 TEM mode wave in an unbounded medium.Figure 4.10 Type of polarizations.Figure 4.11 Polarizing device described by Jones matrix.Figure 4.12 The (y–z) and rotated (e₁–e₂) Coordinate systems.Figure 4.13 Wave propagation uniaxial media.Figure 4.14 Dispersion diagrams of the wave propagating in the z‐direction i...Figure 4.15 Dispersion diagrams in the uniaxial anisotropic medium.

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Normal incidence of TM‐polarized plane wave at the interface of t...Figure 5.2 Oblique incidence of a plane wave with TE‐polarization at the int...Figure 5.3 Oblique incidence of a plane wave with TM‐polarization at the int...Figure 5.4 Dispersion diagrams of refracted waves.Figure 5.5 Oblique incidence of plane wave at three different angles of inci...Figure 5.6 Plane‐wave incident on a dielectric slab.Figure 5.7 Electrical grouping of the materials media in the (μ_r, ε_r)‐plane....Figure 5.8 RH and LH‐coordinate systems for the DPS and DNG media.Figure 5.9 Refraction of the obliquely incident EM‐wave at the interface of ...Figure 5.10 Circuit models of four kinds of the medium on the (μ, ε)‐plane....Figure 5.11 EM‐wave propagation through the DNG and composite DPS‐DNG slabs....Figure 5.12 Creation of image using wave optics.Figure 5.13 Ray diagram of a DNG flat lens.Figure 5.14 Doppler effect in the DPS and DNG media. The source receding the...Figure 5.15 Cerenkov radiation in DPS and DNG media.Figure 5.16 Composite surface absorber.Figure 5.17 Free space matched lossy DNG absorber.

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Several kinds of electric polarization and magnetization in the m...Figure 6.2 1D and 2D artificial media created by spherical inclusions in low...Figure 6.3 Metallic spherical and disk inclusions in low permittivity dielec...Figure 6.4 Metallic strips, conducting rods and parallel‐plate waveguide inc...Figure 6.5 A heterogeneous mixture and equivalent circuit models of the limi...Figure 6.6 Comparisons of several mixture formulae against the FDTD and expe...Figure 6.7 Polarization and depolarization process in a dielectric material....Figure 6.8 Relaxation type Debye dispersion behaviors of a dielectric materi...Figure 6.9 Harmonic oscillator model of resonance type Lorentz polarization ...Figure 6.10 Dispersion behavior of a hypothetical material showing two relax...Figure 6.11 Interfacial polarization at the interface of two‐layered lossy d...Figure 6.12 Series and parallel equivalent circuits of the relaxation and no...Figure 6.13 Circuit model and relaxation response of Debye material.Figure 6.14 Circuit model of the two‐layered inhomogeneous medium under the ...Figure 6.15 Series resonant circuit for modeling of Lorentz type material.Figure 6.16 Response of Debye model for FR‐4 substrate [J.59].Figure 6.17 8 terms Debye models for relative permittivity and loss‐tangent....Figure 6.18 Wire loaded and loop loaded magneto‐dielectric substrates.

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Generation of TM^z and TE^z modes by the longitudinal field or curr...Figure 7.2 Hybrid mode fields in the layered medium.Figure 7.3 The EM‐field at (a) PEC surface (b) PMC surface (c) interface of ...Figure 7.4 A parallel‐plate waveguide.Figure 7.5 Rectangular waveguide constructed using EW and MWs. “m” is the mo...Figure 7.6 Wave impedance behavior and inductive surface.Figure 7.7 Field and current distribution of modes (m = 1,2,3).Figure 7.8 Field lines of mode.Figure 7.9 Conductor loss for the and higher‐order modes.Figure 7.10 Current distributions for the TE₁₀ mode.Figure 7.11 Longitudinal current distributions for the TM^z₀₁, , and modes...Figure 7.12 Conductor‐backed dielectric surface wave waveguide.Figure 7.13 Lumped element circuit model of the waveguide modes.Figure 7.14 TRM applied to the rectangular waveguide.Figure 7.15 Dielectric loaded rectangular waveguide.Figure 7.16 Slab waveguide supporting even and odd surface wave modes.Figure 7.17 TE^z Even and odd modes for slab waveguide.Figure 7.18 Double‐layer slow‐wave structure.Figure 7.19 Synthetic SIW created through two rows of metalized via holes.Figure 7.20 Dispersion and loss characteristic of the SIW.Figure 7.21 Modeling of HM‐SIW.Figure 7.22 Dispersion and attenuation characteristics of ‐TE_{0.5, 0}‐mode HM‐...

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Cross‐sections of some microstrip structures.Figure 8.2 The fields and wave of a microstrip.Figure 8.3 Evolution of stripline and microstrip line from the TEM‐mode coax...Figure 8.4 The quasi‐TEM mode and higher‐order modes of a microstrip line on...Figure 8.5 Equivalent homogeneous dielectric‐medium for a microstrip line.Figure 8.6 Characteristics of microstrip lines.Figure 8.7 Variation in microstrip parameters with conductor thickness.Figure 8.8 Shielded microstrip line and its circuit model.Figure 8.9 Effect of shielded on the microstrip line.Figure 8.10 Orientation of crystallographic axes (ξ, η, ζ) of uniaxial subst...Figure 8.11 Process of obtaining w/h‐dependent equivalent isotropic substrat...Figure 8.12 Limiting cases of microstrip with respect to w/h‐ratio and frequ...Figure 8.13 Parallel‐plate waveguide model of a microstrip.Figure 8.14 Modeling of the lossy substrate of homogeneous medium transmissi...Figure 8.15 Surface current penetration in the thick metal strip.Figure 8.16 Conductor of the microstrip line.Figure 8.17 EM‐wave propagating in Z‐direction of the two‐layered metallic c...Figure 8.18 Application Wheeler's incremental rule to compute the conductor ...Figure 8.19 Dispersion and total loss of lossy microstrip using the circuit ...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Some uniplanar transmission lines with cross‐sectional views.Figure 9.2 Some CPW structures.Figure 9.3 Mapping of point P from Z‐plane to W‐plane as point Q.Figure 9.4 Transformation of the circular cylinder to a parallel plane.Figure 9.5 Rotation of curve during conformal transformation.Figure 9.6 Transformation of curves into parallel lines.Figure 9.7 Conformal mapping of the coaxial line. Dark surfaces are conducto...Figure 9.8 Formation of a polygon in w‐plane by transforming collinear point...Figure 9.9 Angle change while crossing a fixed point.Figure 9.10 Formation of the rectangle using SC‐transformation.Figure 9.11 SC‐transformation of scaled locations of points.Figure 9.12 Infinite extent CPW.Figure 9.13 Infinite ground plane CPW on finite thickness substrate.Figure 9.14 Finite ground plane width CPW.Figure 9.15 SC‐transformation of finite substrate thickness CPW with the inf...Figure 9.16 Changes in CPW characteristics with aspect ratio‐(a/b) and c/b‐r...Figure 9.17 Conformal mapping of the upper half of the top‐shielded CPW on t...Figure 9.18 Variation in the line parameters of top‐shielded conductor‐backe...Figure 9.19 Some CPS structures.Figure 9.20 Field and current distribution on the CPS line.Figure 9.21 The conformal mapping of the asymmetrical CPS line on the infini...Figure 9.22 The symmetrical CPS line on the finite thickness substrate.Figure 9.23 Lower half‐space mapping of symmetrical CPS on finite substrate ...Figure 9.24 Validation of concept of complementary structure (ε_r = 9.9).Figure 9.25 ACPW and ACPS as complementary pairs.Figure 9.26 Mapping of asymmetrical CPW/CPS of finite thickness substrate.Figure 9.27 The CPS with the coplanar ground plane and its complimentary CPW...Figure 9.28 Characteristics of CPS and CPW on the finitely thick substrate....Figure 9.29 Characteristic of CPS–CPG line on an alumina substrate (ε_r = 9.9...Figure 9.30 Characteristic of MCL structure on a finitely thick substrate (εFigure 9.31 Effect of conductor thickness on the line parameters of CPW.Figure 9.32 Effect of conductor thickness on effective relative permittivity...Figure 9.33 Fields, current, and modes on finite thickness substrate CPW....Figure 9.34 The modes on finite width conductor‐backed CPW.Figure 9.35 Field and modes of CPS line.Figure 9.36 Dispersion behaviors of CPW. CM: Circuit model.Figure 9.37 Dispersion behavior of CPS.Figure 9.38 Application of Wheeler's inductance rule to compute conductor lo...Figure 9.39 CPW and CPS strip conductors with stopping distance (Δ).Figure 9.40 Comparison of conductor loss of CPW and CPS.Figure 9.41 The SLR process to compute the dielectric loss of conductor‐back...Figure 9.42 Comparison of computation of dielectric loss CPW structures.Figure 9.43 Cherenkov‐type radiation loss.Figure 9.44 Mode crossing of surface wave modes in a conductor‐backed dielec...Figure 9.45 Equivalent transmission line model of lossy quasi‐TEM planar lin...

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Some open slot‐line structures.Figure 10.2 Some conductor‐backed shielded slot lines.Figure 10.3 Approximate 3D view of the dominant mode of a slot line with a c...Figure 10.4 Development of equivalent waveguide model of the slot line.Figure 10.5 Analysis of the slot line as a waveguide.Figure 10.6 Sandwich slot line and its equivalent waveguide model.Figure 10.7 Multilayer shielded slot line and its equivalent waveguide model...Figure 10.8 Computation of the input admittance.Figure 10.9 Computation of the input admittance of the equivalent transmis...Figure 10.10 Computation of the input admittance of the equivalent transmiss...Figure 10.11 Nature of dispersion in the slot line.Figure 10.12 Slot line and microstrip as the complementary pairs.Figure 10.13 Comparison of slot line against the CPW.Figure 10.14 Comparison of three models of slot line, ε_r=20, s/h=0.5, t=0, a...Figure 10.15 Comparison of the integrated model against HFSS and Sonnet.Figure 10.16 Comparison of the integrated model, for loss computation, again...Figure 10.17 Low‐frequency dispersion in a slot line (ε_r = 12.9, t = 6 μm, s...

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Two‐wire transmission lines.Figure 11.2 Edge coupled planar transmission lines.Figure 11.3 Broadside coupled planar transmission lines.Figure 11.4 Apertures (slot) coupled transmission line structures.Figure 11.5 Stubs coupled transmission line structures.Figure 11.6 Schematic diagrams of couplers.Figure 11.7 Coupled lines structure.Figure 11.8 Symmetrical codirectional coupler.Figure 11.9 The capacitive coupling between two conductors.Figure 11.10 The even‐mode excitation of the symmetrical coupled lines.Figure 11.11 The odd‐mode excitation of the symmetrical coupled lines.Figure 11.12 Inductive coupling of the coupled lines.Figure 11.13 Coupled lines resolved in two separate lines supporting the eve...Figure 11.14 Cross‐sections of coupled strip lines, microstrip, and CPW show...Figure 11.15 2‐Port network for even‐ or odd‐mode line section.Figure 11.16 Coupled asymmetrical lines in an inhomogeneous medium.Figure 11.17 The coupling mechanisms in the asymmetrical coupled transmissio...

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Asymmetrical coupled microstrip lines with a top shield. (For th...Figure 12.2 Even‐and odd‐mode characteristic impedance of symmetrical couple...Figure 12.3 Asymmetric coupled microstrips and its equivalent circuit model....Figure 12.4 Application of the transverse resonance method.Figure 12.5 Dispersion of symmetrical and asymmetrical coupled microstrip....Figure 12.6 Dispersive characteristic impedances of even and odd modes.Figure 12.7 C‐ and π‐mode excitations of the asymmetrically coupled microstr...Figure 12.8 Equivalent C‐ and π‐mode impedances.Figure 12.9 Symmetrical edge‐coupled CPW on finite thickness substrate.Figure 12.10 Characteristic impedance and effective relative permittivity of...Figure 12.11 Shielded broadside coupled CPW and its even–odd mode characteri...Figure 12.12 4‐Port symmetrical coupled transmission line section.Figure 12.13 Even and odd modes excitation of the symmetrical coupled lines....Figure 12.14 Even‐mode analysis of the symmetrical coupled lines.Figure 12.15 Ten configurations of the symmetrical coupled lines.Figure 12.16 The 4‐port network and equivalent 2‐port with terminated load a...Figure 12.17 Two‐port single conductor transmission line section.Figure 12.18 Even–odd analysis of the symmetrically coupled microstrips with...Figure 12.19 Several two‐port networks, with ABCD parameters, of coupled mic...Figure 12.20 Asymmetrical coupled lines in an inhomogeneous medium.

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Some common multilayer microstrip lines.Figure 13.2 Substrates and fabrication process of HMIC.Figure 13.3 Steps of the chemical etching process.Figure 13.4 Positive photolithography process.Figure 13.5 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.Figure 13.6 Schematic diagram of the thick film process using screen printin...Figure 13.7 The photo‐imageable thick film technology process.Figure 13.8 MMIC fabrication process.Figure 13.9 MIS and Schottky structures.Figure 13.10 Thin‐film microstrip.Figure 13.11 Fishbone‐type stub loaded line on PES substrate.Figure 13.12 Multilayered microstrip and coupled microstrip lines for MMIC a...Figure 13.13 Some buried microstrip lines.Figure 13.14 Electrodes of active devices as multilayer CPW lines.Figure 13.15 Wet and dry etching of Si‐substrate.Figure 13.16 Basic steps for creation of microbridge by the surface micromac...Figure 13.17 Some membrane supported microstrip type of MEMS lines.Figure 13.18 Some variants of MEMS strip lines on low and high resistivity s...Figure 13.19 Microstrip on air‐substrate.Figure 13.20 MEMS CPW on high resistivity Si‐substrate.Figure 13.21 MEMS microshielded microstrip line.Figure 13.22 Micro‐shielded MEMS CPW.Figure 13.23 MEMS CPW in CMOS technology.Figure 13.24 LIGA planar transmission lines.Figure 13.25 LIGA fabrication process.Figure 13.26 Fabrication process of MEMS waveguide.Figure 13.27 A typical LTCC structure with embedded and surface mounted comp...Figure 13.28 Casting process of green‐tape.Figure 13.29 A typical arrangement of vias, passive components, and conducto...Figure 13.30 Steps of LTCC circuit fabrication process.Figure 13.31 Some LTCC circuit fabrication processes.Figure 13.32 Microstrip lines in LTCC.Figure 13.33 Microstrip CPW transition in the LTCC.Figure 13.34 Coupler in LTCC technology.Figure 13.35 Branch line coupler in the LTCC.Figure 13.36 The embedded microstrip bandpass filter in LTCC.Figure 13.37 Bandpass filter in LTCC.Figure 13.38 Waveguide and cavity structures in the LTCC.

13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Nature of variational (a and b) and nonvariational (c) functiona...Figure 14.2 Transmission lines and variational bounds.Figure 14.3 A few common charge distribution functions and potential distrib...Figure 14.4 Boxed microstrip and current distributions on its ground planes....Figure 14.5 Open microstrip line in the inhomogeneous medium.Figure 14.6 Different cases of the multilayer microstrip line with electric/...Figure 14.7 Equivalent transmission line model used in TTL technique.Figure 14.8 Equivalent transmission line model of the four‐layered microstri...Figure 14.9 TTL method for the open‐sided multilayer microstrip line.Figure 14.10 Multilayer coupled microstrip line structures.Figure 14.11 Decoupled single microstrip under even/odd mode excitation and ...Figure 14.12 Multilayer coupled microstrip line without the sidewalls.Figure 14.13 Control of phase velocities and characteristic impedances of co...Figure 14.14 Boxed microstrip and CPW structures.Figure 14.15 Galerkin's process of taking the inner product of three testing...

14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Four‐layered microstrip and some special cases.Figure 15.2 The two‐step SLR‐formulation process.Figure 15.3 The virtual relative permittivity‐based SLR‐dispersion models....Figure 15.4 Validation of SLR and ISLR‐dispersion models against results of ...Figure 15.5 Flow‐chart of the synthesis process for a multilayered microstri...Figure 15.6 Dielectric loss in the shielded and composite substrate microstr...Figure 15.7 Conductor loss in the shielded and dielectric covered microstrip...Figure 15.8 Four‐layered coupled microstrip and some special cases.Figure 15.9 Even‐ and odd‐mode dispersion of the coupled microstrip lines on...Figure 15.10 Even and odd dispersion characteristics of a coupled microstrip...Figure 15.11 Dielectric loss of coupled microstrip on a composite substrate ...Figure 15.12 Conductor loss of the coupled microstrip on several types of su...Figure 15.13 Multilayer ACPW and equivalent single‐layer substrate using the...Figure 15.14 Computed and simulated line parameters of shielded CPW on the c...

15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Shielded CPW and microstrip structures.Figure 16.2 Generic structure supporting hybrid mode and its two‐port circui...Figure 16.3 One‐half of the CPW structure.Figure 16.4 Hybrid modes on a microstrip line [J.15].Figure 16.5 Basis functions for current density on microstrip.Figure 16.6 Bound and leaky mode on a slot‐line.Figure 16.7 Bound and leaky mode on a CPW.Figure 16.8 Same level multiconductors and multislots.Figure 16.9 Multilayer planar transmission line structures.Figure 16.10 Spectral wave propagation.Figure 16.11 Equivalent transverse transmission line (TTL) for TE^y and TM^y –...Figure 16.12 Equivalent TTL network for two‐level strip conductors in (u, v,...Figure 16.13 Determination of the transfer (mutual) impedance of the LSE (TEFigure 16.14 Two levels coupled structures.

16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Some resonating structures.Figure 17.2 Some patch and ring resonators.Figure 17.3 Behavior of series resonant circuit.Figure 17.4 Behavior of the parallel resonant circuit.Figure 17.5 Basic types of planar resonators with equivalent circuits.Figure 17.6 Input impedance variation of the one‐port reflection‐type resona...Figure 17.7 Circuit configurations of series and parallel resonators.Figure 17.8 Sketched insertion loss and phase response ∠S₂₁(f) of series/shu...Figure 17.9 Some reaction‐type resonators.Figure 17.10 Basic transmission line resonators, showing voltage and current...Figure 17.11 Reactance variation of short‐circuited line with frequency βℓ =...Figure 17.12 Equivalent circuit and higher‐order modes of both end short‐cir...Figure 17.13 Both ends short‐circuited line with an equivalent circuit.

17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Some popular forms of microstrip resonators.Figure 18.2 Modeling of the open‐end and short‐circuited‐end microstrip reso...Figure 18.3 Periodically loaded microstrip λ_g/2 resonator.Figure 18.4 Transmission line model of the ring resonator.Figure 18.5 Step impedance resonators.Figure 18.6 Harmonic frequency control of the λ_g/4− SIR.Figure 18.7 Control of spurious resonance by the impedance ratio K.Figure 18.8 Control of length of the SIR by the length of line #1 and impeda...Figure 18.9 Some microstrip hairpin resonator.Figure 18.10 Control of fundamental and first spurious resonance frequencies...Figure 18.11 CPW resonators.Figure 18.12 UBPF using CPW SIR.Figure 18.13 Some simple slot line resonators.Figure 18.14 Direct‐coupled line resonator.Figure 18.15 Reactively coupled line resonators.Figure 18.16 Graphical solution of the transcendental equations.Figure 18.17 Tapped line resonator.Figure 18.18 Feeding arrangement of λ_g/2 microstrip line resonators.Figure 18.19 Feeding arrangement of CPW line resonators.Figure 18.20 Coupled microstrip line resonators.Figure 18.21 S₂₁ response of coupled microstrip resonator.Figure 18.22 Coupling arrangements between open square resonators.Figure 18.23 Coupling arrangements of bent microstrip resonators and slot li...Figure 18.24 Some microstrip patch resonators. Thickness h of the substrate ...Figure 18.25 Ez‐field distribution of a few TM_mn‐modes. (M: Magnetic current...Figure 18.26 Shielded multilayer microstrip rectangular patch resonator.Figure 18.27 Field and current patterns of a few TM_mn modes of microstrip ci...Figure 18.28 Field and current patterns of a few TM_nm‐modes of microstrip ri...Figure 18.29 Field patterns of two TM_nml‐modes of microstrip equilateral tri...Figure 18.30 Resonance frequency of the equilateral triangular patch.Figure 18.31 Creation of scaled copies of objects in Euclidean space.Figure 18.32 Creation of a Koch curve from a line segment.Figure 18.33 Creation of Koch island or Koch Snowflake from an equilateral t...Figure 18.34 Creation of square Koch island or square Koch Snowflake from a ...Figure 18.35 Generation of Minkowski curve from the 8‐sided pulse generator....Figure 18.36 Generation of Minkowski island from the 5‐sided square/rectangu...Figure 18.37 Generation of Hilbert curves using U shape generator.Figure 18.38 Generation of Sierpinski triangles.Figure 18.39 Generation of Sierpinski carpet.Figure 18.40 Resonance frequency behavior of Koch and other folded monopoles...Figure 18.41 Behavior of microstrip Minkowski fractal patch resonator.Figure 18.42 Behavior of microstrip Hilbert fractal line resonators – simple...Figure 18.43 Excitation of orthogonal dual unperturbed and perturbed modes i...Figure 18.44 Impedance locus of corner‐fed deformed square patch and frequen...Figure 18.45 Dual‐mode circular resonators.Figure 18.46 Dual‐mode equilateral triangular resonator.Figure 18.47 Dual‐mode square ring resonators.Figure 18.48 Dual‐mode ring resonators.

18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Wave propagation in the 1D periodic medium.Figure 19.2 The lattice structures in real and reciprocal space.Figure 19.3 Some 2D direct and reciprocal lattices in the k‐space.Figure 19.4 Formation of 1D first BZ.Figure 19.5 Formation of the BZ and IBZ for a rectangular unit cell.Figure 19.6 Formation of BZ and IBZ for a hexagonal unit cell.Figure 19.7 Cascaded unit cells of infinitely long 1D periodic line.Figure 19.8 Susceptance/reactance loaded infinite periodic lines, showing th...Figure 19.9 Dispersion diagram of the fundamental wave of the periodic media...Figure 19.10 Dispersion diagram of the 1D periodic structure.Figure 19.11 Conditions for the existence of four kinds of waves on a period...Figure 19.12 Slow‐wave/fast‐wave supporting periodic TEM‐type/waveguide stru...Figure 19.13 Computation of dispersion and attenuation of shunt capacitors/s...Figure 19.14 Dispersion and attenuation diagrams of the periodic line with s...Figure 19.15 Nature of dispersion in the series‐connected short‐circuited st...Figure 19.16 Dispersion diagram and Bloch impedance of shunt capacitance‐loa...Figure 19.17 Unit cells of some loading elements (inclusions).Figure 19.18 Some capacitors in microstrip.Figure 19.19 Some inductors in microstrip.Figure 19.20 Some resonant type loading elements.Figure 19.21 The periodic loading of the substrate of a microstrip.Figure 19.22 Response of microstrip on a periodic substrate (artificial subs...Figure 19.23 The holes/apertures in the ground plane of the microstrip.Figure 19.24 Response of the ground plane holes/apertures in the microstrip....Figure 19.25 DGS loaded meandered microstrip periodic line.Figure 19.26 Some series inductor loaded microstrip periodic line.Figure 19.27 Propagation characteristics of three periodic lines shown in Fi...Figure 19.28 Propagation characteristics of the periodic line of Fig. (19.26...Figure 19.29 Some shunt capacitor‐loaded microstrip periodic line.Figure 19.30 Propagation characteristics of the periodic line of Fig. (19.29...Figure 19.31 Periodic microstrip of modulated strip conductor.Figure 19.32 Periodic loading of the central strip of the CPW.Figure 19.33 Patterned ground planes and CPW stubs to form the unit cells.Figure 19.34 Series/shunt‐loaded periodic CPW.Figure 19.35 Characteristics of series inductor‐loaded periodic CPW of Fig. ...Figure 19.36 Characteristics of series capacitor‐loaded periodic CPW shown i...Figure 19.37 Characteristics of seven‐cell shunt capacitor‐loaded periodic C...

19 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Some 2D‐planar EBG surfaces.Figure 20.2 EBG surface setup for EM‐simulation.Figure 20.3 Dispersion and reflection phase diagram of the EBG surface.Figure 20.4 Comparison of surface wave bandgap and reflection bandwidth of t...Figure 20.5 Reflection phase of the EBG surface.Figure 20.6 Reflection phase of the anisotropic mushroom EBG surface.Figure 20.7 EBG reflection surface and ground plane for polarization control...Figure 20.8 Circuit model of the radiating antenna located over the EBG surf...Figure 20.9 Polar reflection diagram of EBG surface showing the nature of th...Figure 20.10 Schemes to increase C and L of a mushroom EBG surface.Figure 20.11 Reflection and dispersion diagrams of mushroom EBG for C = 0.05...Figure 20.12 Oblique incidence of plane waves on mushroom EBG.Figure 20.13 Polarization‐dependent reflection coefficient and dispersion of...Figure 20.14 Some UC‐EBG structures.Figure 20.15 4‐Port network of 2D‐circuit model of mushroom‐type EBG surface...Figure 20.16 Dispersion diagram of the 2D EBG surface. The gray strips show ...Figure 20.17 The dispersion and attenuation diagrams of the mushroom‐type EB...Figure 20.18 Series‐connected 2D uniplanar EBG.

20 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Geometry of the wire‐medium.Figure 21.2 Circuit model of wire‐medium.Figure 21.3 Experimental response of wire‐medium.Figure 21.4 Impedance loaded wire medium.Figure 21.5 Response of inductor and capacitor loaded wire‐medium.Figure 21.6 Artificial magnetic molecules or elements excited by external ax...Figure 21.7 The split rings resonator (SRR).Figure 21.8 The SRR lattice and permeability response.Figure 21.9 The permeability response of the cubic lattice of the SRR based ...Figure 21.10 The permeability response of the SRR of four orientations.Figure 21.11 Some more magnetic particles.Figure 21.12 The orientation and responses of paired ring resonators (PRR)....Figure 21.13 Material and transmission responses of strip wire (SW) and SRR ...Figure 21.14 Transmission and dispersion responses of strip wire and SRR met...Figure 21.15 CLS–SRR and CLS–CLL metamaterials responses of the material par...Figure 21.16 Broadside coupled Ω‐particles‐based metamaterial.Figure 21.17 Responses of broadside coupled Ω‐particles‐based metamaterial....Figure 21.18 Performance of the broadside coupled S‐ring‐based metamaterials...Figure 21.19 Performance of the broadside coupled S‐ring particle‐based meta...Figure 21.20 Homogenization and extraction process of material parameters.Figure 21.21 S‐parameters descriptions of a unit cell of a slab.Figure 21.22 The electric field lines of the first two normal modes of Mie r...Figure 21.23 Effective medium parameters using the dynamic MG models.Figure 21.24 Computation magnetic response by three methods.

21 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Circuit equivalence of a material medium.Figure 22.2 Single‐arm reactive loading of the host LC‐line. Loading compone...Figure 22.3 The permeability and permittivity response of the effective medi...Figure 22.4 Coupling between host line and reactive loadings. Loading is sho...Figure 22.5 Complete Lorentz type response and bandpass response of the effe...Figure 22.6 Double arms reactive inclusion loading of the host LC‐line formi...Figure 22.7 The (ω − β) dispersion diagrams of the metalines.Figure 22.8 Series capacitance and shunt inductance loaded microstrip metali...Figure 22.9 Magnitude and phase response of microstrip metalines.Figure 22.10 (MNG–ENG) Cascaded metalines and tunneling response.Figure 22.11 Microstrip implementation of the D‐CRLH metalines.Figure 22.12 S‐parameters and phase response of the D‐CRLH metalines.Figure 22.13 Four‐kinds of resonating inclusions and their equivalent circui...Figure 22.14 CSRR and gap capacitor loaded CRLH‐metaline.Figure 22.15 Response of CSRR and gap capacitor loaded CRLH‐metaline.Figure 22.16 Topology of SRR loaded microstrip and SRR‐via inductor loaded C...Figure 22.17 Topology of SRR loaded CPW, SRR‐strip inductor loaded CPW‐metal...Figure 22.18 The |S₂₁| response of SRR‐strip loaded CPW.Figure 22.19 Topology of CSRR and CSSR‐SRR loaded CPW and S21 response.Figure 22.20 24 unit cells CRLH based leaky‐wave antenna scanning upper half...Figure 22.21 Configurations of metalines directional couplers.Figure 22.22 Frequency response of metalines based directional couplers of F...Figure 22.23 Metaline for the dual‐band components.Figure 22.24 Quad‐band metaline.Figure 22.25 Metasurface supporting time‐harmonic electric and magnetic dipo...Figure 22.26 Stages of metasurface characterization.Figure 22.27 Reflection and transmission at the interface of the metasurface...Figure 22.28 An inclusion scattering the incident waves.Figure 22.29 Out‐of‐plane anomalous reflection and refraction at the phase‐g...Figure 22.30 Anomalous reflection of the 1D gradient metasurface.Figure 22.31 Anomalous refraction (transmission) of the 1D multilayer gradie...Figure 22.32 Anomalous refraction of Huygens' gradients metasurface.Figure 22.33 Transmission of normally incident RHCP waves on the multilayere...Figure 22.34 Experimental refracted Hz‐fields of the normally incident waves...Figure 22.35 Anisotropic reflection – type gradient metasurface to convert i...Figure 22.36 Multilayered anisotropic transmission – type metasurface to con...Figure 22.37 Multilayered anisotropic transmission – type gradient metasurfa...Figure 22.38 Circularly polarized elliptical patch antenna on sandwiched met...Figure 22.39 Circularly polarized slot radiator using metasurface as a super...