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This section provides a high‐level classification of the hydraulic fluids according to the current international standards. Details like formulation and chemical properties of each hydraulic fluid are out of the scope for this textbook. Nevertheless, it is important for the reader to understand that the panorama of the possible options for the working fluid is vast. Progress in various areas is constantly made by the industry to enhance the behavior of the commercially available hydraulic fluids. More details can be found in literature. Suggested readings are the book by Totten and De Negri [7] or by Zarotti [8].

Several standards have been formulated to classify the fluids currently available for hydraulic systems. The most important one is the ISO 6473 [9]. From this standard, a hydraulic fluid belongs to one of the following categories:

 mineral oil (the fluid identifier starts with H);

 fire‐resistant fluid (the fluid identifier starts with HS);

 synthetic fluid.