Philosophical Notes. Learning the world through philosophy

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Andrei Tikhomirov. Philosophical Notes. Learning the world through philosophy

Philosophy as a method of cognition of the world

Philosophical ideas of the East

The main problems of ancient philosophy

The meaning of the philosophy of ancient philosophers

The development of ancient philosophy

The concept and essence of the philosophy of the Renaissance

General concept and basic ideas of irrationalism

Old Russian philosophy

Philosophical views of V.V. Rozanov

References

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Philosophy as a type of human activity and knowledge arose more than 2.5 thousand years ago, almost simultaneously in several centers of the then cultural ecumenical center – in China, India, ancient Israel and later in ancient Greece. Karl Jaspers called this period in the history of human civilization «axial time», during which philosophical teachings arose and some of these teachings later became religions.

Philosophy, if you restore the original etymology of this word, is «love of Sofia», which is often and not very accurately translated as «love of wisdom». In fact, the ancient Greek concept of «sophia» is much more capacious and complex than just «wisdom». If, in the view of Plato, having fixed the word «philosophy» in European terminology, the philosopher was just a sage or a lover of philosophizing, he would not have entered this very word «philosopher», which speaks of love for Sofia, but would have stopped simply on the word sage. The fact is that Plato, under sophia, did not mean the acquired, subjective property of the human mind, but a certain «great and befitting only deity» objective quality of a reasonably arranged and harmonious world.

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addition, the difference between philosophical knowledge and others is that philosophy – the only one of the sciences that explains what being is, what is its nature, the relationship of material and spiritual in being.

Let’s see how science and philosophy interact with each other. The scientific and philosophical worldview performs cognitive functions related to the functions of science. Along with such important functions as generalization, integration, synthesis of all possible knowledge, discovery of the most general laws, relationships, interactions of the main subsystems of being, which were already discussed, the theoretical scale, logic of the philosophical mind allows it to carry out the functions of forecasting, forming hypotheses about general principles, development trends, as well as primary hypotheses about the nature of specific phenomena that have not yet been worked out by special scientific methods.

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