Оглавление
Angie Papple Johnston. 2022 / 2023 ASVAB For Dummies
2022/2023 ASVAB For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “2022/2023 ASVAB For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Getting Started with the ASVAB
Putting the ASVAB under a Microscope
Knowing Which Version You’re Taking
Mapping Out the ASVAB Subtests
Eyeing Easy, Medium, and Hard Questions
Deciphering ASVAB Scores
Defining all the scores
Understanding the big four: Your AFQT scores
Calculating the AFQT score
Looking at AFQT score requirements for enlistment
Checking out the military’s AFQT requirements for special programs
MILITARY OPENS COMBAT ROLES TO WOMEN
Do-Over: Retaking the ASVAB
U.S. Army retest policy
U.S. Air Force retest policy
U.S. Navy retest policy
U.S. Marine Corps retest policy
TRACING THE TESTING TRAIL
U.S. Coast Guard retest policy
Knowing What It Takes to Get Your Dream Job
Eyeing How ASVAB Scores Determine Military Training Programs and Jobs
Understanding How Each Branch Computes Line Scores
Line scores and the Army
Line scores and the Navy and Coast Guard
Line scores and the Marine Corps
Line scores and the Air Force
SCORE! SPEAKING THE LINGO
Getting Acquainted with Test-Taking and Study Techniques
Taking the Test: Computerized or Paper?
Going paperless: The pros and cons of the computerized test
Writing on hard copy: The advantages and disadvantages of the paper version
Tackling Multiple-Choice Questions
When You Don’t Know an Answer: Guessing Smart
Studying and Practicing for the ASVAB
Making Last-Minute Preparations: 24 Hours and Counting
Getting Access to the Online Test Bank
Words to Live By: Communication Skills
Word Knowledge
Grasping the Importance of Word Knowledge
Checking Out the Word Knowledge Question Format
Building Words from Scratch: Strategies to Help You Decipher Word Meanings
From beginning to end: Knowing prefixes and suffixes
Determining the root of the problem
Word families: Finding related words
Deconstructing words
Yin and Yang: Understanding Synonyms and Antonyms
ASVAB Word Knowledge Strategy: Finding the Answer When You Just Don’t Know
Creating your own context
How’s it feel? Letting the words speak to you
Compare and contrast: Picking up on signals
One of these things is not like the other: Ruling out wrong answers
Mind filling in? Replacing the word with the answer choices
Say what? Parts of speech matter
If all else fails, break your word
Guess what! It’s okay on the ASVAB
You Are What You Speak: Improving Your Vocabulary, Improving Yourself
Reading your way to a larger vocabulary
Keeping a list and checking it twice
Crosswords: Making vocabulary fun
Sounding off by sounding it out
Word Knowledge Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Paragraph Comprehension
Understanding the Importance of Paragraph Comprehension for Military Jobs
Eyeing the Physique of the Paragraph Comprehension Subtest
Trying the Four Flavors of Comprehension Questions
Treasure hunt: Finding specific information
Cutting to the chase: Recognizing the main idea
If the shoe fits: Determining word meaning in context
Reading between the lines: Understanding implications
Do You Get My Point? Breaking down Paragraphs
What’s the big idea? Determining the main idea in a paragraph
Finding a topic sentence
In other words: Rephrasing passages
Extra, extra! Identifying subpoints
Analyzing What You’ve Read: Guessing at What the Writer Really Means
Faster than a Speeding Turtle: Tips for Slow Readers
Read more, watch less
Become a lean, mean word machine
Build your confidence
Test-Taking Tips for Reading and Gleaning
Paragraph Comprehension Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Making the Most of Math: Arithmetic Skills
Mathematics Knowledge and Operations
Just When You Thought You Were Done with Vocab: Math Terminology
Operations: What You Do to Numbers
NAMING THE ANSWERS
First things first: Following the order of operations
Completing a number sequence
Finding the pattern
Dealing with more than one operation in a sequence
Averaging mean, median, and mode in a range
Working on Both Sides of the Line: Fractions
Common denominators: Preparing to add and subtract fractions
Method one
Method two
Finding common denominators for three or more fractions
Multiplying and reducing fractions
Dividing fractions
Converting improper fractions to mixed numbers … and back again
Expressing a fraction in other forms: Decimals and percents
Adding and subtracting decimals
Multiplying decimals
Dividing decimals
DIVIDING DECIMALS BY WHOLE NUMBERS
DIVIDING DECIMALS BY DECIMALS
Playing with percents
Showing comparisons with ratios
Navigating scale drawings
Playing with proportions
Remembering important rates
A Powerful Shorthand: Writing in Scientific Notation
Getting to the Root of the Problem
Perfect squares
Irrational numbers
Other roots
Test-Taking Techniques for Your Mathematical Journey
Knowing what the question is asking
Figuring out what you’re solving for
Solving what you can and guessing the rest
Using the process of elimination
Math Knowledge and Operations Practice Questions
Easy Math Knowledge questions
Medium Math Knowledge questions
Hard Math Knowledge questions
Answers and Explanations
Algebra
Coming to Terms with Basic Algebra Lingo
Solving for x
When All Things Are Equal: Keeping an Algebra Equation Balanced
Solving one-step equations involving addition and subtraction
Multiplying and dividing
Solving multistep equations
Simplifying equations
Using FOIL
Tackling Two-Variable Equations
Substitution
Combining equations
Explaining Exponents in Algebra
A Step Back: Factoring Algebra Expressions to Find Original Numbers
Pulling out the greatest common factor
Factoring a three-term equation
Making Alphabet Soup: Solving Quadratic Equations
All Math Isn’t Created Equal: Solving Inequalities
Algebra Practice Questions
Easy algebra practice questions
Medium algebra practice questions
Hard algebra practice questions
Answers and Explanations
Geometry
Perusing Perimeter and Area
Outlining Angles
Parallel lines
Naming angles
Pointing Out Triangle Types
Back to Square One: Quadrilaterals
Going around in Circles
Navigating the circumference
Mapping out the area of a circle
Fillin’ It Up: Calculating Volume
Scratching the surface area of solids
Breaking down combined figures
Mapping Out Coordinates
Hammering Down Helpful Geometry Formulas
Geometry Practice Questions
Easy geometry practice questions
Medium geometry practice questions
Hard geometry practice questions
Answers and Explanations
Arithmetic Reasoning: Math Word Problems
Tackling the Real World of Word Problems
Reading the entire problem
Figuring out what the question is asking
Digging for the facts
Setting up the problem and working your way to the answer
Drawing a diagram
Reviewing your answer
The Guessing Game: Putting Reason in Your Guessing Strategy
Using the process of elimination
Solving what you can and guessing the rest
Making use of the answer choices
Arithmetic Reasoning (Math Word Problems) Practice Questions
Easy Arithmetic Reasoning questions
Medium Arithmetic Reasoning questions
Hard Arithmetic Reasoning questions
Answers and Explanations
Examining General Science under a Microscope
General Science and Life Science
There’s a Scientific Method to the Madness
SCIENTIFIC LAWS AND THEORIES YOU ALREADY KNOW
Understanding Forms of Measurement
Uncovering Biology, from Big to Small
Relating to your world through ecology
Variety is the spice of life: Biodiversity
Categorizing Mother Nature
Counting down the classification system
Visiting the kingdoms
Just name it: Showing off your genius about the species
Perusing the Human Body Systems
Picking your brain: The nervous system
Flowing through the heart, blood, and circulatory system
Renal 9-1-1: Emergency toxin filtering
Breathing in and out: The respiratory system
You are what you eat: The digestive system
Muscling your way through life
Taking the skeletons out of the closet
Ending up in the endocrine system
The lymphatic system: When things go haywire
THE FIRST TROOP INOCULATION: SMALLPOX
Damage control through the integumentary system
Continuing the species through the reproductive system
Keeping the body in peak operating condition
Digging through Plant Physiology
Types of plants
Where plant processes take place
Plant reproduction
Thinking Small: A Look at Cells
Inspecting cell structure
Profiting from cell processes
Swimming in the Gene Pool: Genetics
Copying genes
Determining your sex with two little letters
Knowing which genes get passed down the family line
Using Common Sense to Hypothesize about Answers
General and Life Science Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Physical Sciences
Chemistry: Not Blowing Up the Lab
How chemists look at things
EVERYDAY CHEMISTRY
Understanding the elements, my dear Watson
Sitting down at the periodic table
Changing states: Physical and chemical moves for molecules
Boiling and freezing
Compounds, mixtures, and reactions: When elements get together
Compounds: Adding elements together
Mixtures: Physical combinations of pure substances
Chemical reactions
Covering all the bases (and the acids, too)
Physics: It Matters (and It’s Matter)
Keeping track with SI units of measurement
Weight and mass
Newton’s laws: The science of motion
Newton’s first law of motion
Newton’s second law of motion
Newton’s third law of motion
Newton’s law of universal gravitation
Measuring work, force, energy, and power
Did you hear that? Understanding sound waves
The rainbow of frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum
Heating things up with energy
The four laws of thermodynamics
Side effects: Feeling hot and cold
Opposites attract: Magnetism and polarization
Physical Science Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Earth and Space Sciences
Staying Down to Earth with Geology and Meteorology
Peeling back the layers of the planet
Sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks
What’s shakin’? A word on earthquakes
Seeing the sea through a different lens
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, PLANET EARTH
Outta this world: Checking the atmosphere
Gases in the atmosphere
The magnetosphere: A polarizing force
Warming up to cold fronts
We’re not in Kansas anymore: Understanding what causes extreme weather events
Keeping track of weather patterns
Classifying clouds
Figuring out temperature conversions
Paleontology: Can You Dig It?
Plants, germs, dinosaurs, and humans
Studying the past with today’s tools
What fossils tell us
Dating a caveman
Where Few Have Gone Before: Astronomy
Taking a bite out of the Milky Way
Taking a quick glimpse at the sun
Perusing the planets
Earth’s orbit
Planetary composition
To the Kuiper Belt and beyond
IS PLUTO REALLY A PLANET?
Shooting for the moons
Watching for meteors, comets, and asteroids
MILITARY SPACE PROGRAMS AND THE U.S. SPACE FORCE
Getting Back to Your Latin Roots to Improve Your Test Score
Earth and Space Science Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
The Whole Ball of Facts: Technical Skills
Auto Information
Checking under the Hood
Chassis and frame: Holding it all together
The engine: Different strokes
Whatever floats your boat: Considering common components of internal combustion engines
Running on all your cylinders
Diesel: Discovering the more powerful alternative
MAKING THE GRADE: OCTANE RATINGS
Charging into the future with electric vehicles
Mixing things up with hybrid vehicles
Electrical and ignition systems: Starting up
Cooling systems: Preventing a meltdown
Lubrication systems: Keeping the engine moving smoothly
Exhaust systems: Where byproducts go to die
Emissions-control systems: Filtering out pollutants
Drive systems: Taking it for a spin
Suspension and steering systems: Keeping it on the road
Brake system: Pulling out all the stops
THE MAGIC OF ABS
Cruising toward a Better Score
Auto Information Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Shop Information
Picking Up the Tools of the Trade
Measuring tools
Leveling and squaring tools
Striking tools
Fastening tools
Soldering and welding tools
Cutting tools
Drilling, punching, and gouging tools
Drills and bits
Punches
Chisels
Finishing tools
Clamping tools
Sticking Materials Together with Fasteners
Nails
Screws and bolts
Nuts and washers
Rivets
Building a Better Score
Shop Information Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Mechanical Comprehension
A-mass-ing Knowledge on Matter, Weight, Density, and Relativity
Understanding the Forces of the Universe
You hit me first! The basics of action and reaction
Equilibrium: Finding a balance
Under pressure: Spreading out the force
Looking at kinds of forces
Gravity: What goes up must come down
When push comes to shove: Applied force
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE: FALSE GRAVITY
Stretching out tension
Friction: Resisting the urge to move
Elastic recoil: The trampoline of physics
The law of attraction: Magnetism
Tapping into electrical forces
Opening the window to drag forces
You Call That Work?!
Contrasting the difference between potential and kinetic energy
Exerting force to make things happen
Overcoming resistance
Powering through work
Relying on Machines to Help You Work
Using levers to your advantage
Ramping up the inclined plane
Easing your effort: Pulleys and gears
Block and tackle systems
Understanding how gears work
Pulley and belt arrangements
Multiplying your effort: Wheels and axles
Opening up the door to torque
Getting a grip on things with vises
HORSEPOWER: A MEASURABLE MARKETING TACTIC
Magnifying your force with liquid: Hydraulic pressure
Working Your Way to a Better Test Score
Using your observations and common sense
Using the mathematics of mechanics
Guessing with a mechanical mind
Mechanical Comprehension Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Electronics Information
Uncovering the Secrets of Electricity
Going subatomic
Earning the good conduct(or) medal
Examining the current of the electrical river
Resistance: Putting the brakes on electrical flow
Adding or removing resistance
Ohm’s law: Relating resistance to current and voltage
Measuring voltage: Do you have the potential?
Getting around to circuits
Circuit breakers and fuses
Types of circuits
HOLIDAY (LIGHT) BURNOUT
Measuring power
MAGNETIC, ELECTRIC: NO, NOT YOUR PERSONALITY
Producing electrical effects
Switching Things Up with Alternating and Direct Current
Figuring out frequency
GROUNDING YOURSELF WITH BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Impedance: Join the resistance!
SORTING OUT CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS
Rectifying the situation: Going direct
Turning up the transistor radio
Picture It: Decoding Electrical Circuit Codes
Coming in Hot: Wire Color Codes Used in the U.S
Eyeing Some Electronics Information Test Tips
Memorizing simple principles
Playing the guessing game
Electronics Information Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Assembling Objects
Getting the Picture about Assembling Objects
Two Types of Questions for the Price of One
Putting tab A into slot B: Connectors
On the flip side: Avoiding mirrors
Crossing over the right places
Putting it all together
Solving the jigsaw puzzle: Shapes
Tips for the Assembling Objects Subtest
Comparing one piece or point at a time
Visualizing success: Practicing spatial skills ahead of time
Assembling Objects Practice Questions
Answers and Explanations
Practice ASVAB Exams
Practice Exam 1
Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 1
Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations
Subtest 1: General Science Answers
Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers
Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers
Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers
Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers
Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers
Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers
Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers
Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers
Practice Exam 2
Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 2
Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations
Subtest 1: General Science Answers
Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers
Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers
Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers
Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers
Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers
Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers
Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers
Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers
Practice Exam 3
Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 3
Practice Exam 3: Answers and Explanations
Subtest 1: General Science Answers
Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers
Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers
Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers
Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers
Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers
Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers
Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers
Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers
AFQT Practice Exam 1
Answer Sheet for AFQT Practice Exam 1
AFQT Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations
Subtest 1: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers
Subtest 2: Word Knowledge Answers
Subtest 3: Paragraph Comprehension Answers
Subtest 4: Mathematics Knowledge Answers
AFQT Practice Exam 2
Answer Sheet for AFQT Practice Exam 2
AFQT Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations
Subtest 1: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers
Subtest 2: Word Knowledge Answers
Subtest 3: Paragraph Comprehension Answers
Subtest 4: Mathematics Knowledge Answers
The Part of Tens
Ten Surefire Ways to Fail the ASVAB
Choosing Not to Study at All
Failing to Realize How Scores Are Used
Studying for Unnecessary Subtests
Losing Focus
Panicking over Time
Deciding Not to Check the Answers
Making Wild Guesses or Not Guessing at All
Changing Answers
Memorizing the Practice Test Questions
Misunderstanding the Problem
Ten Tips for Doing Well on the AFQT
As Soon as the Test Starts, Write Down What You’re Likely to Forget
Read All the Answer Choices before Deciding
Don’t Expect Perfect Word Matches
Read the Passages before the Questions
Reread to Find Specific Information
Base Conclusions Only on What You Read
Change Percents to Decimals
Understand Inverses
Remember How Ratios, Rates, and Scales Compare
Make Sure Your Answers Are Reasonable
Ten Ways to Boost Your Math and English Skills
Practice Doing Math Problems
Put Away Your Calculator
Memorize the Order of Operations
Know Your Geometry Formulas
Keep a Word List
Study Latin and Greek
Use Flashcards
Read More, Watch TV Less
Practice Finding Main and Supporting Points
Use a Study Guide
Appendixes
Matching ASVAB Scores to Military Jobs
Army Enlisted Jobs
Air Force Enlisted Jobs
Navy Enlisted Jobs
Marine Corps Enlisted Jobs
Coast Guard Enlisted Jobs
Countdown to Taking the ASVAB
How Much Time Do You Have to Prepare?
Outline Your ASVAB Study Strategy
12 weeks out: Identify your weak spots
10 weeks out: Dust off your strengths
8 weeks out: Studying with your recruiter
6 weeks out: Retest yourself
4 weeks out: Zeroing in on your targets
2 weeks out: Flashcards, practice tests, and more flashcards
The day before the test
Word Knowledge Resources
Digging Down to Word Roots
Pointing Out Prefixes
Spotting Hard-Working Suffixes
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
About the Author
Dedication
Author’s Acknowledgments
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
