Читать книгу The Research Experience - Ann Sloan Devlin - Страница 134

In testing, exposure to one instrument during a pretest or to an assessment that comes between a pretest and a posttest can change people’s responses to the posttest. To determine whether this is the case, some researchers use what is known as the Solomon four-group design (see Chapter 10), which evaluates what would happen with and without the pretest. This approach is expensive in terms of time and resources because there are four groups to run. Another option is to consider whether the pretest is needed.

Testing: One of Campbell and Stanley’s (1963) threats to internal validity involving multiple testing situations in which the first test affects how participants respond to subsequent tests.

Solomon four-group design: Pretest, posttest research design involving four conditions; takes into account the possible effect of sensitization in responding to the pretest measures.