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SECTION 1
Active voice.
Активный залог
UNIT 1
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
ОглавлениеLook and compare
Моя сестра вяжет КАЖДЫЙ ДЕНЬ.
My sister knits EVERY DAY.
СЕЙЧАС 6 часов вечера. Она вяжет (СЕЙЧАС).
NOW it is 6 p.m. She is knitting (NOW).
Она вяжет свитер УЖЕ 3 ДНЯ (СО ВТОРНИКА).
She has been knitting the sweater FOR 3 DAYS
(SINCE TUESDAY).
1. Match 1—3 to a-c and complete the sentences.
1. He does his homework
2. He is doing his homework
3. He has been doing his homework
a. for two hours.
b. every day.
c. now.
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PRESENT SIMPLE
I work every day.
Present Simple (Настоящее простое) употребляется для ПОВСЕДНЕВНЫХ, РУТИННЫХ, ПОВТОРЯЮЩИХСЯ действий, для обозначения простых фактов и общих истин:
I have a shower every morning. Каждое утро я принимаю душ.
Water boils at 100° C. Вода закипает при 100° C.
Present Simple по форме совпадает с инфинитивом1 глагола (без частицы to) во всех лицах, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, принимающего окончание -s (-es).
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t
ПРАВОПИСАНИЕ окончания -s/-es у глаголов в 3 л. ед. ч.:
К большинству инфинитивов прибавляется окончание -s:
I speak – he speaks
You eat – she eats
Если инфинитив оканчивается на шипящие и свистящие звуки -sh, -ch, -tch, -x, -ss, -zz, а также -o, то мы добавляем окончание -es:
We watch – he watches
They miss – she misses
I go – he goes
We do – she does
Если инфинитив оканчивается на -y, а перед -y согласная, то -y меняется на -i + -es:
I hurry – he hurries
You study – she studies
НО! Если перед -y гласная, то добавляем просто -s:
We pay – he pays
They enjoy – she enjoys
2. Write the third singular forms of the following verbs.
I play – he ___________________
I go – he ___________________
I fly – he ___________________
I spend – he ___________________
I ask – he ___________________
I wash – he ___________________
I pass – he ___________________
I carry – he ______________________
I try – he ______________________
I study – he ______________________
I take – he ______________________
I catch – he ______________________
I do – he ______________________
I teach – he ______________________
FREQUENCY ADVERBS (Наречия частотности)
Present Simple часто употребляется с наречиями, выражающими частотность: always всегда, often часто, seldom редко, sometimes иногда, never никогда, usually обычно и т. д.
Они ставятся перед глаголом, НО! после глагола to be:
I usually get up at 7 o’clock but I’m never late.
3. Rewrite the sentences as in the example:
I get up at 7 a.m. (always)
I always get up at 7 a.m.
1. We go to the theatre. (often)
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2. They quarrel. (never)
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3. He is afraid of darkness. (sometimes)
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4. I come home very late. (usually)
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4. Write as in the example.
I like ice cream.
Do you like ice cream?
I don’t like ice cream.
1. They live in New York.
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2. You speak Russian.
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3. We sleep at night.
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4. He knows French very well.
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5. She leaves work at 6 p.m.
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5. Write the correct forms of the verbs using Present Simple.
1. The postman (to bring) ________________ us the newspapers in the morning.
2. I (to hear) ____________ you well. Don’t speak so loudly.
3. I (not to understand) ____________________ this sentence.
4. The train (to start) _____________ at 10 o’clock.
5. We (to begin) _____________ our work at 8 a.m. every day.
6. The coffee beans (to grow) ____________ well in Brazil.
7. Brazil (to produce) ________________ good coffee.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
She is listening to her friend.
Present Continuous (Настоящее продолженное/длительное) употребляется для выражения действий, которые происходят ИМЕННО СЕЙЧАС, В МОМЕНТ РЕЧИ (now, at the moment), иногда для выражения ближайшего будущего:
I’m watching TV (now).
(Сейчас) я смотрю телевизор.
We are leaving for Moscow tonight.
Сегодня вечером мы уезжаем в Москву.
Present Continuous состоит ИЗ ДВУХ ЧАСТЕЙ!!! —
am, is или are + глагол с окончанием -ing (причастие).
I am reading. – Я читаю (сейчас) —
дословно «Я есть читающий (сейчас).»
am = ’m
is = ’s
are = ’re
am not = ’m not
is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t
Глагол to be (быть) в настоящем времени имеет 3 формы:
am употребляется только с I;
is – только с he, she, it;
are – во всех остальных случаях (т.е. во множ. числе).
6. Fill in the gaps with the verb to be.
1. It ___________________ raining today.
2. The children _______________ playing in their room.
3. Carrie _______________ listening to the news right now.
4. I _______________ having breakfast.
ПРАВОПИСАНИЕ окончания -ing:
К большинству инфинитивов прибавляется окончание -ing:
eat → eating; play → playing
Если инфинитив оканчивается на -e, то мы эту -e убираем:
move → moving; face → facing
Если в конце глагола стоит гласная + согласная и на этот слог падает ударение, то конечная согласная удваивается:
preFER → preferring; RUB → rubbing
НО!
COver → covering; reMEMber → remembering
Если в конце глагола стоит гласная + L, то пишем LL независимо от ударения:
control → controlling; travel → travelling2
ЗАПОМНИТЕ!
die → dying; lie → lying
7. Write the -ing forms.
work → _________________; write → ______________________;
read → __________________; carry → _____________________;
sleep → _________________; go → ________________________;
leave → _________________; take → _______________________.
8. Write as in the example.
I am watching TV.
Am I watching TV?
I’m not watching TV.
1. She is translating this text now.
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2. You are having lunch.
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3. They are listening to their director.
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4. We are waiting for Helen.
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5. It is raining.
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9. Complete the sentences.
1. Mark and Jane (to sit) __________________________________________ in a café now.
2. It (not to snow) _________________________________________________ outdoors now.
3. We (to wait) ____________________________________________________ for our teacher at school.
4. The girls (to argue) _____________________________________________ about what presents to buy for their Mum.
5. I (to watch) _____________________________________________________ the children playing in the garden.
10. Fill in with Present Simple or Present Continuous.
– Hi, Mum!
– Hello, Anna. Where _____________________________________________________ (you, call) from?
– I ________________________________ (be) at work at the moment. My boss _____________________________________________ (have) lunch with his wife now. He __________________________________ (often, take) her to lunch on Tuesdays.
– Well, why _______________________________________________________ (you, phone)?
– No, I just want you to know that I _____________________________ (come) home next Friday.
– What time ______________________________________________________ (your bus, arrive)?
– It ______________________ (leave) at 16.00 and ____________________ (arrive) at 17.00.
– See you on Friday then.
11. Underline the correct item.
1. Do you enjoy/Are you enjoying this party?
2. You haven’t said a word all the evening. What are you thinking/do you think about?
3. He has/is having a tabby cat.
4. I don’t know/am not knowing where she keeps the money.
5. Sarah is German. She is coming/comes from Germany.
6. Leo listens/is listening to the music in his room.
7. If you don’t read/aren’t reading that magazine, I’d like to see it.
8. Chrissy weighs/is weighing 70 kilos.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
They have been singing for an hour.
Present Perfect Continuous (Настоящее совершенное продолженное/длительное) употребляется для того, чтобы подчеркнуть, что действие началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем, то есть УЖЕ ДЛИТСЯ КАКОЕ-ТО ВРЕМЯ (for some time, since some time):
I’ve been waiting for you for an hour. Я жду тебя уже час.
Pres. Perf. Continuous состоит ИЗ ТРЁХ ЧАСТЕЙ!
have или has + been + глагол с окончанием -ing (причастие).
I have been reading this newspaper since 2 o’clock.
Я читаю эту газету с 2 часов.
have = ’ve
has = ’s
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
12. Write as in the example.
I have been learning German since the 2nd grade.
Have I been learning German since the 2nd grade?
I haven’t been learning German since the 2nd grade.
1. He has been speaking English since his childhood.
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2. They have been working here for several years.
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3. She has been waiting for him for an hour.
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4. We have been revising for exams for three days.
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5.You have been living here since 1996.
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13. Complete the gaps using Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I (to run) __________________________________________ all the way.
2. He (to teach) _____________________________ English since 2012.
3. We (to work) ________________________________ since 10 o’clock.
4. It (to rain) __________________________________ hard for an hour.
5. Sue (to cook) ________________________________ dinner for us for 20 minutes.
14. Choose the tense of the verb. Write S (Simple), C (Continuous) or PC (Perfect Continuous).
1. Какую музыку ты любишь слушать? _____________
2. Какую музыку ты слушаешь сейчас? _____________
3. Как долго ты выполняешь это задание? __________
4. Ты всегда выполняешь домашние задания? ______
5. Какое задание ты выполняешь сейчас? ___________
15. Translate into English.
1. Я читаю сейчас. Я читаю уже 10 минут. Я читаю каждый день.
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2. Она работает 8 часов в день. Она работает сейчас (Don’t bother her!). Она работает здесь уже два года.
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3. Всегда ли он завтракает? Он завтракает сейчас. Он завтракает уже 5 минут.
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1
Инфинитив – это начальная форма глагола, отвечающая на вопрос что делать? и часто употребляющаяся с частицей to.
2
American English spelling is traveling
