Читать книгу Emotionally Naked - Anne Moss Rogers - Страница 28

To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the individual must have met criteria for a depressive episode and have had at least one episode of mania, which is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.²¹ It can last a week or more and include grandiose feelings of self-esteem, marked by sleeplessness, talking fast, bursts of creativity and ideas, and increased risk taking. Hormonal changes also make it difficult to discern between normal teen emotional behavior versus manic symptoms. In addition, bipolar disorder in teens is often misdiagnosed as ADHD and vice versa, and can be overlooked initially because the teen might have already been diagnosed with depression or anxiety instead of bipolar disorder because mania isn't always the first symptom to express itself. Those experiencing mania can have elevated mood, feel extremely agitated, behave brashly or lavishly, assume superiority or grandiosity, or dress and act flamboyantly. They might post obsessively on social media or start telling dirty jokes at inopportune times and in front of inappropriate audiences. Some with bipolar disorder (and depression) have psychosis and hear voices that can sometimes tell them to suicide.