Читать книгу Sociology - Anthony Giddens - Страница 169

Currently, the evidence from ancient tools, fossils and molecular genetics suggests that Homo sapiens originated in Africa between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago. Cowen (2001: 20–4) argues that, around 100,000 years ago, small forager groups began to move in search of subsistence, first migrating across Africa before spreading to the Middle East and India and, later, to New Guinea, Australia, America and into Europe. Around 10,000 years ago, hunting was still dominant on all continents despite some settled communities; however, by 5,000 years ago, many more human groups were growing crops and forming settled societies and the first city societies had been established.