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Table of Contents

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Cover

List of Figures

About the Authors

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Acknowledgments

The Structure of the Book Further Information

1 The Scope and Focus of CAT Summary CAT Is an Integrated Model CAT Is a Collaborative Therapy CAT Is Research Based CAT Evolved from the Needs of Working in the Public Sector and Remains Ideally Suited To It CAT Is Time‐Limited CAT Offers a General Theory, Not Just a New Package of Techniques CAT Has Applications In Many Clinical and Other Settings

2 The Main Features of CAT Summary Background The Early Development of CAT Practice The Theoretical Model The Development of a Vygotskian and Bakhtinian Object Relations Theory The Development of the Basic Model of Practice The Development of Sequential Diagrammatic Reformulation (“Mapping”) The Course of Therapy Time Limits and Ending The Clinical Aims of CAT

10  3 The CAT Model of Development of the Self Summary The CAT Concept of Self Neuroscience Research and the Self The Permeability of the Self Cultural Relativity of Models of Self Studies of Infant Development The Contribution of Vygotsky's Ideas Developmental Studies of Role Acquisition Bakhtinian Contributions Contrasts with Other Concepts of Self Genetics and Temperament Our Evolutionary Past The Evolution of Cognitive Capacities and of Culture Evolutionarily Pre‐Programmed Psychological Tendencies

11  4 The CAT Model of Abnormal Development of the Self and Its Implications for Psychotherapy Summary Abnormal Development of Self and Its Consequences Common Therapeutic Factors Damaged or Abnormal Development of the Self and the CAT Model of Therapeutic Change Understandings of “Transference” and “Counter‐Transference” and Avoiding Collusion Use of Personal and Elicited Counter‐transference Identifying and Reciprocating Counter‐transference Self‐Esteem The “False Self” Who Does the Therapist Speak for? Implications of Our Evolutionary Past for Psychotherapy Concluding Remarks

12  5 The Practice of CAT Summary Referral Assessment Information The Conduct of the Assessment Interview Other Considerations Assessing Motivation Combining CAT with Other Treatment Modes Assessing the Risk of Self‐Harm and Suicide Assessing the Potential for Violence “Paper and Pencil” Devices and Questionnaires Treatment “Contracts” Concluding Remarks

13  6 The Practice of CAT Summary Case Formulation and CAT Reformulation The Process of Reformulation The Reformulation Letter Diagrammatic Reformulation or Mapping The Order and Process of Reformulation Formal Evaluation of the Impact of Reformulation

14  7 The Practice of CAT Summary Later Sessions—General Considerations Change and the Working Alliance in the “ZPPD” Making Use of Transference and Counter‐transference in Enabling Change Transference, Counter‐transference, and the Working Relationship of Therapy Dialogic Sequence Analysis Technical Procedures Rating Progress Recognizing Enactments and Procedures as they Occur Recapitulating and Reviewing Sessions Homework Accessing Painful, Possibly Traumatic, Memories and Feelings Not Recognizing Enactments and Procedures as they Occur The CAT Model of Resistance and of the “Negative Therapeutic Reaction” Dropping out of Therapy Recognizing Enactments and Procedures at Termination and Ending Well Concluding Remarks

15  8 The CAT Model of Therapist Activity and of Supervision Summary The Competence in CAT (CCAT) Measure Therapist Activities in CAT Supervision of Therapists in CAT Audio‐tape Supervision Dialogical Sequence Analysis “Parallel Process” Group Supervision Reflective Practice Distance Supervision

16  9 CAT in Various Conditions and Contexts Summary The Problem of Diagnosis CAT in Some Specific Conditions and Settings Concluding Remarks

17  10 The Treatment of “Severe and Complex”Personality‐Type Disorders Summary The Concept of Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Aids to Reformulation The Course of Therapy Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) The Treatment of “Severe and Complex,” Personality‐Type Disorders: CAT and the Research Evidence

18  11 The “Difficult” Patient, Contextual Reformulation, Systemic Applications, and Reflective Practice Summary The “Difficult” Patient Causes of “Difficult” Behavior General Approaches to the “Difficult” Patient Contextual Reformulation Constructing a Contextual Reformulation Examples of Contextual Reformulations Broader Uses and Applications of Contextual and Systemic Approaches Reflective Practice

19  Afterword Distinctive Features of CAT The Continuing Expansion of CAT The Evidence Base and Research The Implicit Values of CAT

20  Glossary

21  Appendix 1: The Psychotherapy FileThe Psychotherapy File Keeping a Diary of Moods and Behavior Patterns that Do Not Work, but Are Hard to Break Different States

22  Appendix 2: Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) Competences for Individuals with Personality DisorderCognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) Competences for Individuals with Personality Disorder Knowledge of CAT Theory Knowledge of Key Features of CAT The Psychotherapy File Reformulation Knowledge of the CAT Theory of BPD Key Skills of CAT Reformulation Constructing the Sequential Diagrammatic Reformulation (SDR) (or “Map”) Constructing Target Problem Procedures (TPPs or “key issues”) Formulating Aims or Exits Moving Between Task and Process CAT Methods of Intervention Ability to use CAT Skills to Manage the Ending of Therapy Ability to use CAT‐Specific Measures to Guide the Intervention CAT Skills of Particular Relevance for Work with Borderline Personality Disorder Engagement Developing the Reformulation Sustaining and Consolidating Positive Change Using CAT to Facilitate Work with Wider Systems (Contextual Reformulation)

23  Appendix 3: Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ)Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ)

24  Appendix 4: Repertory Grid Basics and the Use of Grid Techniques in CATRepertory Grid Basics and the Use of Grid Techniques in CAT

25  References

26  Index

27  End User License Agreement

Introducing Cognitive Analytic Therapy

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