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Biogeography is the study of the spatial patterns in the distribution of biodiversity and the causes of those patterns, especially differences in species’ distributions. At this level, species distribution patterns are explained through a combination of historical factors that have governed events of dispersal, speciation and extinction. Such factors include the influence of geological and climatic changes, notably continental drift, glaciation, variations in sea level, and drainage evolution, in combination with macro-ecological factors that determine the availability of ecological resources to species in an assemblage (Morrone 2009).