The World as Will and Idea

The World as Will and Idea
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Описание книги

"The World as Will and Idea" is the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. Taking the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant as his starting point, Schopenhauer argues that the world we experience around us – the world of objects in space and time and related in causal ways – exists solely as «representation» dependent on a cognizing subject, not as a world that can be considered to exist in itself. Our knowledge of objects is thus knowledge of mere phenomena rather than things-in-themselves. Schopenhauer identifies the thing-in-itself – the inner essence of everything – as will: a blind, unconscious, aimless striving devoid of knowledge, outside of space and time, and free of all multiplicity. The world as representation is, therefore, the «objectification» of the will. «The World as Will and Idea» marked the pinnacle of Schopenhauer's philosophical thought; he spent the rest of his life refining, clarifying, and deepening the ideas presented in this work without any fundamental changes.

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Arthur Schopenhauer. The World as Will and Idea

The World as Will and Idea

Table of Contents

Volume 1

Translators' Preface

Preface To The First Edition

Preface To The Second Edition

First Book. The World As Idea

First Aspect. The Idea Subordinated To The Principle Of Sufficient Reason: The Object Of Experience And Science

Second Book. The World As Will

First Aspect. The Objectification Of The Will

Third Book. The World As Idea

Second Aspect. The Idea Independent Of The Principle Of Sufficient Reason: The Platonic Idea: The Object Of Art

Fourth Book. The World As Will

Second Aspect. The Assertion And Denial Of The Will To Live, When Self-Consciousness Has Been Attained

Footnotes

Volume 2

Appendix: Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy

Supplements to the First Book

First Half. The Doctrine Of The Idea Of Perception. (To § 1–7 of the First Volume.)

Chapter I. The Standpoint of Idealism

Chapter II. The Doctrine of Perception or Knowledge Of The Understanding

Chapter III. On The Senses

Chapter IV. On Knowledge A Priori

Notes to the Annexed Table (1) To No. 4 of Matter

(2) To No. 18 of Matter

Second Half. The Doctrine of the Abstract Idea, or Thinking

Chapter V.16 On The Irrational Intellect

Chapter VI. On The Doctrine of Abstract or Rational Knowledge

Chapter VII.19 On The Relation of the Concrete Knowledge of Perception to Abstract Knowledge

Chapter VIII.20 On The Theory Of The Ludicrous

Chapter IX.21 On Logic In General

Chapter X. On The Syllogism

Chapter XI.22 On Rhetoric

Chapter XII.23 On The Doctrine Of Science

Chapter XIII.25 On The Methods Of Mathematics

Chapter XIV. On The Association Of Ideas

Chapter XV. On The Essential Imperfections Of The Intellect

Chapter XVI.26 On The Practical Use Of Reason And On Stoicism

Chapter XVII.27 On Man's Need Of Metaphysics

Supplements to the Second Book

Chapter XVIII.29 On The Possibility Of Knowing The Thing In Itself

Chapter XIX.30 On The Primacy Of The Will In Self-Consciousness

Chapter XX.34 Objectification Of The Will In The Animal Organism

Note On What Has Been Said About Bichat

Footnotes

Volume 3

Supplements To The Second Book

Chapter XXI. Retrospect and More General View

Chapter XXII.1 Objective View of the Intellect

Chapter XXIII.3On The Objectification Of The Will In Unconscious Nature

Chapter XXIV. On Matter

Chapter XXV. Transcendent Considerations Concerning The Will As Thing In Itself

Chapter XXVI.4 On Teleology

Chapter XXVII. On Instinct And Mechanical Tendency

Chapter XXVIII.6 Characterisation Of The Will To Live

Supplements to the Third Book

Chapter XXIX.9 On The Knowledge Of The Ideas

Chapter XXX.10 On The Pure Subject Of Knowledge

Chapter XXXI.11 On Genius

Chapter XXXII.14 On Madness

Chapter XXXIII.17 Isolated Remarks On Natural Beauty

Chapter XXXIV.18 On The Inner Nature Of Art

Chapter XXXV.19 On The Æsthetics Of Architecture

Chapter XXXVI.20 Isolated Remarks On The Æsthetics Of The Plastic And Pictorial Arts

Chapter XXXVII.21 On The Æsthetics Of Poetry

Chapter XXXVIII.23 On History

Chapter XXXIX.25 On The Metaphysics Of Music

Supplements to the Fourth Book

Chapter XL. Preface

Chapter XLI.27 On Death And Its Relation To The Indestructibility Of Our True Nature

Chapter XLII. The Life Of The Species

Chapter XLIII. On Heredity

Chapter XLIV. The Metaphysics Of The Love Of The Sexes

Chapter XLV.40 On The Assertion Of The Will To Live

Chapter XLVI.41 On The Vanity And Suffering Of Life

Chapter XLVII.43 On Ethics

Chapter XLVIII.44On The Doctrine Of The Denial Of The Will To Live

Chapter XLIX. The Way Of Salvation

Chapter L. Epiphilosophy

Appendix

Abstract

Chapter I

Chapter II

Chapter III

Chapter IV

Chapter V

Chapter VI

Chapter VII

Chapter VIII

Footnotes

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Arthur Schopenhauer

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Is rounded with a sleep.”—Tempest, Act iv. Sc. 1.

Lastly, Calderon was so deeply impressed with this view of life that he sought to embody it in a kind of metaphysical drama—“Life a Dream.”

.....

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