Читать книгу Rhône River Cruise. Travel Guide - Ashok Kumawat - Страница 10

The Rhône River is a majestic waterway that weaves its way through some of the most picturesque regions in France and Switzerland. In this chapter, we’ll delve into the geography of the Rhône River, exploring its course, the regions it traverses, and the diverse landscapes that make it a captivating route for river cruises.

8.1 Source and Course of the Rhône River

The Rhône River has its source in the Swiss Alps, specifically the Rhône Glacier located in the Valais canton of Switzerland. The glacier feeds the Rhône River, and it begins its journey from an altitude of around 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level.

From its glacial origins, the Rhône flows in a generally westward direction, passing through the Swiss canton of Valais and into Lake Geneva. Lake Geneva, or Lac Léman as it is known locally, serves as the first significant expansion of the river’s course.

After leaving Lake Geneva, the Rhône River continues its westward course, forming the border between Switzerland and France for a brief stretch. As it reaches Lyon, the river takes a turn to the south, flowing through the heart of France before finally emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

8.2 Divisions of the Rhône River

The Rhône River can be divided into two main sections: the Upper Rhône and the Lower Rhône.

8.2.1 Upper Rhône

The Upper Rhône refers to the stretch of the river that originates in Switzerland and flows into Lake Geneva. This section is characterized by fast-flowing mountain streams and the dramatic scenery of the Swiss Alps.

The Upper Rhône is fed by numerous tributaries and glacial meltwater, making it a powerful and robust river even in its early stages. The landscape is dominated by Alpine peaks, lush valleys, and picturesque towns, offering stunning views for travelers exploring this part of the Rhône River.

8.2.2 Lower Rhône

The Lower Rhône is the section of the river that continues from Lyon to its mouth at the Mediterranean Sea. This part of the river is significantly wider and calmer than its upper counterpart, with a more gentle flow.

As the Lower Rhône flows through the French countryside, it passes by charming villages, vineyards, and historic towns. The riverbanks are adorned with scenic landscapes, including rolling hills, fertile plains, and scenic vineyards that produce some of France’s finest wines.

8.3 Key Regions Along the Rhône River

The Rhône River flows through several iconic regions, each with its distinct characteristics and cultural heritage. Let’s explore some of the key regions you’ll encounter during your Rhône River cruise.

8.3.1 Valais, Switzerland

The Valais canton in Switzerland is the birthplace of the Rhône River, as it is here that the Rhône Glacier feeds its waters. Valais is known for its stunning Alpine landscapes, including majestic peaks and scenic valleys.

As the Rhône River flows through Valais, it passes by picturesque Swiss towns, including Brig and Sion. Travelers cruising through this region are treated to breathtaking views of snow-capped mountains, lush meadows, and charming Swiss chalets.

8.3.2 Lake Geneva (Lac Léman)

Lake Geneva, or Lac Léman, is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe and serves as the first major expansion of the Rhône River. The lake is shared by Switzerland and France and is surrounded by stunning landscapes, including the French Alps to the south and the Swiss Jura Mountains to the north.

Geneva, the city after which the lake is named, is an international hub known for its diplomacy, cultural diversity, and stunning lakeside views. Cruising along Lake Geneva offers a unique perspective of the city’s iconic Jet d’Eau fountain and the picturesque Swiss and French shoreline.

8.3.3 Lyon and Beaujolais

Lyon, often referred to as the «gastronomic capital of France,» is a vibrant city situated at the confluence of the Rhône and Saône rivers. Its historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, boasting impressive architecture, bustling markets, and a thriving culinary scene.

Cruising through Lyon and the surrounding region of Beaujolais offers travelers a taste of French culture, with opportunities to savor world-renowned wines and exquisite cuisine. The picturesque vineyards of Beaujolais produce some of France’s best-known wines, including Beaujolais Nouveau.

8.3.4 Burgundy (Bourgogne)

Continuing south from Lyon, the Rhône River meanders through the Burgundy region. Burgundy is renowned for its prestigious vineyards, historic châteaux, and charming villages. The riverbanks are lined with lush vineyards producing some of the world’s most celebrated wines, including Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

The city of Macon, situated along the Saône River, is a gateway to the southern Burgundy region and offers a glimpse into the region’s rich wine and culinary heritage.

8.3.5 Provence

As the Rhône River flows further south, it enters the enchanting region of Provence, famous for its stunning landscapes, ancient Roman ruins, and fragrant lavender fields. The riverbanks are adorned with charming Provençal villages, such as Avignon and Arles, which are steeped in history and cultural significance.

Provence is renowned for its warm Mediterranean climate, vibrant markets, and delectable cuisine featuring olives, tomatoes, and aromatic herbs. A cruise through Provence offers an immersion into the rich tapestry of Provençal culture and a glimpse into the world that inspired famous artists like Vincent van Gogh.

8.4 Bridges and Landmarks

The Rhône River is adorned with several impressive bridges and landmarks that add to the charm and history of the region.

8.4.1 Pont Saint-Bénézet (Saint-Bénézet Bridge) – Avignon

The Pont Saint-Bénézet, also known as the Pont d’Avignon, is an iconic bridge in Avignon, France. Originally built in the 12th century, the bridge was part of a pilgrimage route. Today, only four of its arches remain, but it remains a symbol of Avignon’s rich history and cultural heritage.

8.4.2 Pont du Gard – Vers-Pont-du-Gard

The Pont du Gard is a magnificent Roman aqueduct bridge located near Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern France. Constructed in the 1st century AD, it served to transport water from the Eure spring to the Roman city of Nemausus (present-day Nîmes). It stands as an engineering marvel and a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting visitors from around the world.

8.4.3 Palais des Papes (Palace of the Popes) – Avignon

The Palais des Papes is an imposing Gothic palace in Avignon, France. It was the residence of the popes during the 14th century when Avignon was the center of the Catholic Church. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a remarkable example of medieval architecture and grandeur.

8.5 Flora and Fauna along the Rhône

The Rhône River and its surrounding regions are home to diverse flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological richness of the area.

8.5.1 Avian Wildlife

The Rhône River serves as an essential habitat for various bird species, making it a haven for birdwatching enthusiasts. Keep an eye out for majestic herons, kingfishers, and graceful swans as you cruise along the river.

8.5.2 Vineyards and Lavender Fields

The riverbanks are adorned with vineyards, particularly in the Burgundy and Provence regions. The fertile soil and favorable climate make these regions ideal for producing some of France’s finest wines.