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CHAPTER III

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The camp in Hyde Park during the Plague of 1665 – Boscobel Oaks in the Park – When first opened to the public – What it was then like – The Cheesecake House – Its homely refections – Orange girls.

In 1665, at the time of the great Plague, Hyde Park was put to a sad use, as is well described in a contemporary poem entitled “Hide Park Camp Limned out to the Life, etc.”

“In July, Sixteen hundred sixty and five,

(O happy is the Man that’s now alive)

When God’s destroying Angel sore did smite us,

’Cause he from sin could by no means invite us:

When Lovely London was in Mourning Clad,

And not a countenance appear’d but sad;

When the Contagion all about was spread;

And People in the Streets did fall down dead.

When Money’d fugitives away did flee,

And took their Heels, in hopes to scape scot-free.

Just then we March’t away, the more’s the pitty,

And took our farewell of the Doleful City.

With heavy Hearts unto Hide Park we came,

To chuse a place whereas we might remain:

Our Ground we view’d, then streight to work we fall,

And build up Houses without any Wall.

We pitched our Tents on Ridges, and in Furrows,

And there encamp’t, fearing th’ Almighty’s Arrows.

But O alass! What did all this avail:

Our men (ere long) began to droop and quail.

Our Lodgings cold, and some not us’d thereto,

Fell sick, and dy’d, and made us more adoe.

At length the Plague amongst us ’gan to spread,

When ev’ry morning some were found stark dead.

Down to another Field the sick were t’ane;

But few went down, that e’er came up again.

For want of comfort, many, I observ’d,

Perish’d and dy’d, which might have been preserv’d.

But that which most of all did grieve my Soul,

To see poor Christians drag’d into a Hole:

Tye Match about them, as they had been Logs,

And draw them into Holes, far worse than Dogs.

When each Man did expect his turn was next,

O then our Hearts with sorrow was perplext.

Our Officers amazed stood, for dread,

To see their men no sooner sick but dead.

But that which most of all did grieve them, Why?

To help the same there was no remedy.

A Pest-house was prepar’d, and means was us’d,

That none should be excluded, or refus’d:

Yet all would not avail, they dy’d apace,

As one dy’d out, another took his place.

A sad and dismal time, as ere was known,

When Corps, in the wide fields about was strown.


“But stay, my Muse; I think ’tis but a folly

To plunge ourselves too deep in Melancholly;

Let us revive a little, though in jest,

Of a bad Market we must make the best.

Is nothing left to chear us? not one Sup?

We’le try conclusions, ere the Game be up.

Methinks I hear some say, Friend, Prithee hark,

Where got you drink and Victuals in the Park?

I, there’s the Query; We shall soon decide it,

Why, We had Men, cal’d Sutlers, provided;

Subtle they were, before they drove this Trade,

But by this means, they all were sutler made.

No wind, or weather, ere could make them flinch,

Yet they would have the Souldiers at a pinch.

For my part, I know little of their way,

But what I hear my fellow Souldiers say;

One said, Their Meat and Pottage was too fat;

Yes, quoth another, we got none of that:

Besides, quoth he, they have a cunning sleight,

In selling out their Meat by pinching weight;

To make us pay sixpence a pound for Beefe,

To a poor Souldier, is no little grief.

Their Bread is small, their Cheese is mark’t by th’ Inch,

And, to speak truth, they’re all upon the pinch.

As for their Liquor, drink it but at leisure,

And you shall ne’re be drunk with over measure.

Thus would they often talk to one another;

And, for my part, I speak it as a Brother,

They for the Sutlers put up many a Prayer,

When, for themselves they took not so much care.

This was, it seems, most of the Sutlers’ dealings,

But yet, I say, there’s none but have their failings.

They might do this (poor men), yet think no evil.

Therefore they’l go to God, or to the D – .


“But leave them now, because Tat-too has beat,

And fairly to our Tents let us retreat,

Where we keep such a coyl, and such a quarter,

And all to make the tedious nights seem shorter.

Then down we lie, until our bones do ake,

First one side, then the other weary make.

When frost did pinch us, then we shake and shiver,

And full as bad we were in stormy weather;

A boistrous blast, when men with sleep were dead,

Would bring their Houses down upon their head.

Thus in extremity, we often lay,

Longing to see the dawning of the day

Which brought us little comfort, for the Air

Was very sharp, and very hard our fare.

Our sufferings were almost beyond belief,

And yet we found small hopes to have relief.

“Our brave Commanders, Valiant, Stout and Bold,

Was neither pinch’t with hunger, nor with cold,

They quaft the Bowls about, one to another,

With good Canary they kept out the weather;

And oft to one another would say thus,

(When we are gone, then gone is all with us)

And thus, in mirth, they chear’d their Spirits up,

By taking t’other Pipe, and t’other Cup:

Much good may it do their hearts; we should have done

The same ourselves, had we been in their room.

We were as glad when we got to a Cup

Of nappy Ale, to take a pretty sup;

But durst not go to Town, on any cause,

For fear the Martial catch us in his Claws.

About the Park to walk for recreation,

We might be free, we knew our Bounds and Station.

But not a Coach was stirring any where,

Unless t’were such as brought us in our Beer.

Alass, Hide Park, these are with thee sad dayes,

The Coaches all are turn’d to Brewers’ Drayes;

Instead of Girls with Oranges and Lemons,

The Bakers’ boys, they brought in loaves by dozens;

And by that means, they kept us pretty sober,

Until the latter end of wet October.

They promis’d we should march, and then we leapt,

But all their promises were broke (or kept).

They made us all, for want of Winter Quarters,

Ready to hang ourselves in our own Garters.


“At last, the Dove came with the Olive Branch,

And told, for certain, that we should advance

Out of the Field; O then we leapt for joy,

And cry’d with one accord, Vive le Roy.

What did the Sutlers then? nay, what do ye think?

For very grief, they gave away their drink:

But it’s no matter, let them laugh that wins,

They were no loosers (God forgive their sins).


“Upon Gunpowder Treason day, (at Night)

We burnt our Bed-Straw, to make Bone fire light;

And went to Bed, that night, so merry hearted

For joy we and our Lodgings should be parted;

Next morning we were up by break of day,

To be in readinesse to march away.

We bid adue to Hide Park’s fruitful Soil,

And left the Country to divide the Spoyl.

With flying Colours we the City enter,

And, then, into our Quarters boldly venture.

Our Land-Ladyes sayd Welcome (as was meet),

But, for our Landlords, some lookt sowr, some sweet.

So soon as we were got into warm Bed,

We look’t as men new metamorphosed.

But now I think ’tis best to let them sleep,

Whilst I out of the Chamber softly creep,

To let you know, that now my task is done,

Would I had known as much when I begun.

A sadder time, I freely dare engage

Was never known before, in any Age.

God bless King Charles and send him long to reign,

And grant we never may know the like again.”


In connection with Hyde Park and the Restoration, I may mention the following, copied from The Times, December 18, 1862. “A Relic of the Past in Hyde Park. Perhaps few of the many who visit this Park are aware that on the right hand side of the Carriage drive, between the Receiving house and the Bridge, there still remains an interesting relic of the Stuart period. It is a tree, one of two planted by Charles II. from acorns taken from the Boscobel Oak, in Somersetshire, in which his father successfully sought refuge, and were planted here to commemorate the event. They have both been dead some years, and one, much decayed, was removed in 1854; the other, beautifully clothed with ivy, which gives it the appearance of life, still remains. In common with all the other old trees in the Park, it is protected by a fence of iron hurdles; but, surely, a relic like this deserves a handsome and appropriate railing, with a descriptive brass plate affixed, to point out to strangers this historical antiquity, now known only to local historians.”

If the traditional lore of the writer of the above is on a par with his historical knowledge (vide italics) this statement has not much value. Indeed, a correspondent in Notes and Queries (3s. iii. 96), referring to this paragraph, and speaking of the trees, says “the tradition really and truly connected with them is the fatal duel fought by the fifth Lord Mohun and the Duke of Hamilton, in November, 1712.”

Hyde Park seems to have been first opened to the public about 1637, for in the dedication of James Shirley’s play of Hide Parke (published in that year) to the Right Hon. Henry, Earl of Holland, he says, “This Comedy in the title, is a part of your Lordship’s Command, which heretofore grac’d, and made happy by your smile, when it was presented, after a long silence, upon first opening of the Parke.” And it is from this contemporary play that we are able to learn somewhat of the Park itself. Nightingales and cuckoos abounded, and both are several times mentioned.

Mistress Caroll. Harke, Sir, the Nightingale, there’s better lucke Comming towards us.

Fairfield. When you are out breath

You will give over, and for better lucke,

I do beleeve the bird, for I can leave thee,

And not be in love with my owne torment.

M. Ca. How, sir?

Fa. I ha said, stay you and practise with the bird,

’Twas Philomel they say; and thou wert one,

I should new ravish thee.

Mistress Bonavent. I heard it yesterday warble so prettily.

Lacy. They say ’tis luckie, when it is the first

Bird that salutes our eare.

Bo. Doe you believe it?

Tryer. I am of his minde, and love a happy Augury.

La. Observe the first note alwayes

Cuckoo!

Is this the Nightingale?

And then also there were refreshments to be taken at the Keeper’s Lodge (sometimes called Price’s Lodge, from Gervase Price, a keeper), as we read in Hide Parke.

Rider. I wish your sillabub were nectar, Lady.

Mistress Bonavent. We thank you, sir, and here it comes already.

Enter Milkemaide.

Mistress Julietta. So, so, is it good milke?

Bon. Of a Red Cow.

Mistress Caroll. You talke as you inclin’d to a consumption. Is the wine good?

Pepys mentions this Lodge and its refreshments more than once. “June 3, 1668. To the Park, where much fine company and many fine ladies, and in so handsome a hackney I was, that I believe, Sir W. Coventry and others who looked on me, did take me to be in one of my own, which I was a little troubled for: so to the Lodge and drank a cup of new milk, and so home.” – “April 25, 1669. Abroad with my wife in the afternoon to the Park, where very much company, and the weather very pleasant. I carried my wife to the Lodge, the first time this year, and there, in our coach, eat a cheese cake and drank a tankard of milk.”

Not to know the Lodge was to show oneself of small account, as we see in a comedy called “The English Monsieur,” by the Hon. James Howard, son of the Earl of Berkshire, acted with much applause at the Theatre Royal, in 1674.

“Comely. Nay, ’tis no London female; she’s a thing that never saw Cheesecake, Tart, or Syllabub at the Lodge in Hyde Park.”

According to Thomas Brown, of Shifnall, the ladies also partook of refreshment in their coaches, for he says, – “See, says my Indian, what a Bevy of Gallant Ladies are in yonder Coaches; some are Singing, others Laughing, others Tickling one another, and all of them Toying and devouring Cheese Cakes, March-Pane, and China Oranges.”23 And this in the sober days of William and Mary!

About this time the name of “the Lodge” was generally dropped, and it was called the Cake House or Mince Pie House, until it was pulled down early middle of the century. It was situated nearly on the site of the present Receiving House of the Royal Humane Society, as is shown in a “Plan of Hyde Park, as it was in 1725. From a Plan of the Parish of St. George, Hanover Square, in the Vestry Room of that Parish.”24 It was made of timber and plaster, and must have had a very picturesque look when the accompanying illustration was taken in 1826. The other view of it, in 1804, shows its surroundings in the Park. “The Cake House” furnished the title of one of Charles Dibdin’s table entertainments, first performed in 1800.

Then too there were the Orange girls, whose vocation was not entirely confined to the theatres,

and who were chaffed by, and gave saucy answers to, the beaux. In a play by Thomas Southern (the author of Isabella and Oroonoko), published in 1693, called The Maid’s last Prayer, Or Any, rather than Fail, we find (p. 37) Lord and Lady Malapert discussing the propriety of visiting their country seat.

L. Mal. Well, well, there are a thousand innocent diversions.

La. Mal. What! Angling for Gudgeons, Bowls, and Ninepins?

L. Mal. More wholesome and diverting than always the dusty Mile Horse driving in Hide-Park.

La. Mal. O law! don’t profane Hide-Park: Is there anything so pleasant as to go there alone, and find fault with the Company? Why, there can’t a Horse or a Livery ’scape a Man, that has a mind to be witty. And then I sell bargains to the Orange Women.

23

“Amusements Serious and Comical, Calculated for the Meridian of London.” Lond. 1700, p. 55.

24

“Environs of London.” D. Lysons, 2nd ed. vol. ii. part i. p. 117.

Hyde Park from Domesday-book to Date

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