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INDEX

Concrete in the Country

What is “Concrete”?

Materials

Portland Cement

Sand

Stone or Gravel

Pure Water Necessary in Mixing

Proportioning the Mixture

Natural Mixture of Bank Sand and Gravel

Tools

Wheelbarrow “Runs”

How to Mix Concrete

The Hand Mixing Method

Mixing Natural Mixture of Bank Sand and Gravel

Number of Men

How to Determine Quantities of Materials Needed

Forms for Concrete

How to Place Concrete

Directions for Placing

The Necessary Tools

Protection of Concrete after Placing

Points to Remember

Reinforcement

Kinds of Reinforcement

Concrete Sidewalks and Floors

Lasting Qualities

Settlement Cracks

Upheaval by Frost

Upheaval by Tree Roots

Contraction Cracks

Scaling or Crumbling of the Surface

Specifications

Drainage Foundation

Selection of Materials

Proportions

Consistency of Concrete

Placing

A Foundation Gutter and Walk

Repairs to Farm Buildings

Why Concrete Should be Used to Repair Farm Buildings

Replacing an Entire Foundation with Concrete

Foundations of concrete are indestructible.

A Concrete Entrance Floor

Farm Buildings Should be Connected by a Concrete Driveway

Alleyways Between Buildings

Carriage Washing Floors

Feeding Floors and Barnyard Pavements

Disadvantages of Wooden Floors

Advantages of Concrete

How to Build Feeding Floors

Drainage Foundation

Grading the Floor

Placing the Concrete

Manure Pits and Cisterns

How to Build

The Value of Manure Pits

Concrete Barnyards

Concrete Floors Increase Profits

Construction

Feeding Troughs, Racks and Mangers

Troughs for Horses, Cattle, and Sheep

Feeding Troughs for Hogs

A Fire-protected Feed Cooker

Hog Wallows—Automatic Dipping Tanks

A Corn Crib Floor of Concrete

Concrete Barn Floors

The Advantages of Concrete Floors

Concrete in the Cow Barn

How to Build Dairy Barn Floors

The Alleyway

The Stall Floor

The Manger

The Feedway

Horse Barn Floors

Concrete Mangers

Farmers Build Barn Approaches of Concrete

A Concrete Barn Foundation

Wind Walls and Their Importance

Concrete and the Silo

Sanitary Water Supply

How to Protect Wells

Underground Cisterns and Cistern Platforms

Making Spring Water Sanitary

New Style Cistern Built on Top of Ground

Watering Troughs and Tanks

Watering Tank for Horses and Cattle

Watering Troughs for Hogs

Dipping Vats and Tanks

The Construction of a Concrete Milk Vat

Small Farm Buildings

Milk Houses

Concrete Cellar Steps and Hatchway

Root Cellars of Concrete

Poultry Houses

Poultry Watering Troughs

Duck Ponds

Retaining Wall and Steps

Concrete Chimney Caps

Concrete Makes an Excellent Porch Floor

Hot-Beds and Cold-Frames

Tree Repair

Rollers of Concrete

Hay Caps and Tarpaulin Weights

Trash Burner or Garbage Receiver

Concrete Posts

Corner Stones and Survey Monuments

Drain Tile Outlet Walls

Spraying Tanks

Culverts are Permanent When Made of Concrete

Septic Tanks

Window Hatches

An Outdoor Swimming Pool