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4. This strong tendency of the Chinese to combine and organize is well noticed in "Impressions of China," by Captain Fishbourne, at pages 415 to 418.

5. Alluding to the establishment of the Tartar Budhism.

6. The badge of slavery imposed by the Manchoo Tartars upon their conquest of China.

7. The form of head-dress and insignia of nobility introduced by the Manchoos.

8. Referring to the elaborate and merciless laws of treason and disaffection established by the Manchoos.

9. Wan-theen-seang would not submit to the Mongols, and was slain by Kubla Khan.

10. One of the adherents of the Sung dynasty, who, on being seized by the Mongols, refused to eat, and so died.

11. Killed himself when the Ming dynasty was irretrievably lost.

12. Lost his life in fighting for the Ming cause (1644).

13. "Allusion to an expression in the Book of Diagrams, under the Këen diagram, or five and nine, where it is said that 'the dragon flies up to heaven,' which means that a new monarch is about to ascend the throne of China.—Translator."

14. The Ti-pings.

15. A mace is worth about 5d.