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B. F. DeCosta. The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen
The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERY
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
HISTORIC FANCIES
THE SEA OF DARKNESS
THE PHENICIANS
JUBA'S EXPEDITION
TRADITIONS
THE NORTHMEN
THE COLONIZATION OF ICELAND
THE SETTLEMENT OF GREENLAND
THE PROGRESS OF THE GREENLAND COLONIES
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH
MONUMENTS AND RUINS
EXPLORATIONS IN GREENLAND
THE DECLINE OF GREENLAND
LOST GREENLAND FOUND
THE CHARACTER AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE NORTHMEN
THE SHIPS OF THE NORTHMEN
THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
THE LITERATURE OF ICELAND
THE NARRATIVES
THE TRUTHFULNESS OF THE NARRATIVES
THE ABSENCE OF MONUMENTS AND REMAINS
PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERY
I. FRAGMENTS FROM LANDNAMA-BOK
II. THE COLONIZATION OF GREENLAND
FIRST NARRATIVE
The Baptism of Leif the Fortunate
SECOND NARRATIVE
THIRD NARRATIVE
III. THE VOYAGE OF BIARNE
FIRST NARRATIVE
SECOND NARRATIVE
IV. LEIF'S VOYAGE TO VINLAND
SECOND NARRATIVE
THIRD NARRATIVE
V. THORVALD ERICSON'S EXPEDITION
VI. THORSTEIN ERICSON'S ATTEMPT TO FIND VINLAND
VII. THORFINN KARLSEFNE'S EXPEDITION TO VINLAND
NARRATIVE OF THORFINN KARLSEFNE
THE ACCOUNT OF THORFINN
THIRD NARRATIVE
VIII. THE VOYAGE OF FREYDIS, HELGE AND FINBOGE
MINOR NARRATIVES
I. ARE MARSON IN HVITRAMANNA-LAND
II. BIÖRN ASBRANDSON
III. GUDLEIF GUDLAUGSON
IV. ALLUSIONS TO VOYAGES FOUND IN ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS
V. GEOGRAPHICAL FRAGMENTS
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE EARTH
FROM GRIPLA
Footnote
INDEX
Отрывок из книги
B. F. DeCosta
Illustrated by Translations from Icelandic Sagas
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In the year 999, Leif, son of Eric, sailed out to Norway and passed the winter at the court of King Olaf Tryggvesson, where he accepted the Christian faith, which was then being zealously propagated by the king. He was accordingly baptized, and when the spring returned the king requested him to undertake the introduction of Christianity in Greenland, urging the consideration that no man was better qualified for the task. Accordingly he set sail from Norway, with a priest and several members of the religious order, arriving at Brattahlid, in Greenland, without any accident.[30] His pagan father was incensed by the bringing in of the Christian priest, which act he regarded as pregnant with evil; yet, after some persuasion on the part of Leif, he renounced heathenism and nominally accepted Christianity, being baptized by the priest. His wife Thorhild made less opposition, and appears to have received the new faith with much willingness. One of her first acts was to build a church, which was known far and wide as Thorhild's church.[31] These examples appear to have been very generally followed, and Christianity was adopted in both Iceland and Greenland at about the same period,[32] though its acceptance did not immediately produce any very radical change in the spiritual life of the people. In course of time a number of churches were built, the ruins of which remain down to our own day.
In the year 1003, the Greenlanders became tributary to Norway. The principal settlement was formed on the western coast, and what was known as the eastern district, did not extend farther than the southern extremity towards Cape Farewell. For a long time it was supposed that the east district was located on the eastern coast of Greenland; but the researches of Captain Graah, whose expedition went out under the auspices of the Danish government, proved very conclusively that no settlement ever existed on the eastern shore, which for centuries has remained blocked up by vast accumulations of ice that floated down from the arctic seas. In early times, as we are informed by the Sagas, the eastern coast was more accessible, yet the western shores were so superior in their attractions that the colonist fixed his habitation there. The site of the eastern settlement is that included in the modern district of Julian's Hope, now occupied by a Danish colony. The western settlement is represented by the habitation of Frederikshab, Godthaab, Sukkertoppen and Holsteinborg.
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