France and England in N. America, Part III: The Discovery of the Great West
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Francis Parkman. France and England in N. America, Part III: The Discovery of the Great West
TO THE CLASS OF 1844, HARVARD COLLEGE, THIS BOOK IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED BY ONE OF THEIR NUMBER
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
THE DISCOVERY OF THE GREAT WEST
CHAPTER I. 1643-1669. CAVELIER DE LA SALLE
CHAPTER II. 1669-1671. LA SALLE AND THE SULPITIANS
CHAPTER III. 1670-1672. THE JESUITS ON THE LAKES
CHAPTER IV. 1667-1672. FRANCE TAKES POSSESSION OF THE WEST
CHAPTER V. 1672-1675. THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
CHAPTER VI. 1673-1678. LA SALLE AND FRONTENAC
CHAPTER VII. 1674-1678. LA SALLE AND THE JESUITS
CHAPTER VIII. 1678. PARTY STRIFE
CHAPTER IX. 1677-1678. THE GRAND ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER X. 1678-1679. LA SALLE AT NIAGARA
CHAPTER XI. 1679. THE LAUNCH OF THE "GRIFFIN."
CHAPTER XII. 1679. LA SALLE ON THE UPPER LAKES
CHAPTER XIII. 1679-1680. LA SALLE ON THE ILLINOIS
CHAPTER XIV. 1680. FORT CRÈVECOEUR
CHAPTER XV. 1680. HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE
CHAPTER XVI. 1680. INDIAN CONQUERORS
CHAPTER XVII. 1680. TONTY AND THE IROQUOIS
CHAPTER XVIII. 1680. THE ADVENTURES OF HENNEPIN
CHAPTER XIX. 1680, 1681. HENNEPIN AMONG THE SIOUX
CHAPTER XX. 1681. LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW
CHAPTER XXI. 1681-1682. SUCCESS OF LA SALLE
CHAPTER XXII. 1682-1683. ST. LOUIS OF THE ILLINOIS
CHAPTER XXIII. 1684. A NEW ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER XXIV. 1684-1685. LA SALLE IN TEXAS
CHAPTER XXV. 1685-1687. ST. LOUIS OF TEXAS
CHAPTER XXVI. 1687. ASSASSINATION OF LA SALLE
CHAPTER XXVII. 1687, 1688. THE INNOCENT AND THE GUILTY
CHAPTER XXVIII. 1688-1689. FATE OF THE TEXAN COLONY
APPENDIX
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
Отрывок из книги
The discovery of the "Great West," or the valleys of the Mississippi and the Lakes, is a portion of our history hitherto very obscure. Those magnificent regions were revealed to the world through a series of daring enterprises, of which the motives and even the incidents have been but partially and superficially known. The chief actor in them wrote much, but printed nothing; and the published writings of his associates stand wofully in need of interpretation from the unpublished documents which exist, but which have not heretofore been used as material for history.
This volume attempts to supply the defect. Of the large amount of wholly new material employed in it, by far the greater part is drawn from the various public archives of France, and the rest from private sources. The discovery of many of these documents is due to the indefatigable research of M. Pierre Margry, assistant custodian of the Archives of the Marine and Colonies at Paris, whose labors, as an investigator of the maritime and colonial history of France can be appreciated only by those who have seen their results. In the department of American colonial history, these results have been invaluable; for, besides several private collections made by him, he rendered important service in the collection of the French portion of the Brodhead documents, selected and arranged the two great series of colonial papers ordered by the Canadian government, and prepared, with vast labor, analytical indexes of these and of supplementary documents in the French archives, as well as a copious index of the mass of papers relating to Louisiana. It is to be hoped that the valuable publications on the maritime history of France which have appeared from his pen are an earnest of more extended contributions in future.
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In what we know of Joliet, there is nothing that reveals any salient or distinctive trait of character, any especial breadth of view or boldness of design. He appears to have been simply a merchant, intelligent, well educated, courageous, hardy, and enterprising. Though he had renounced the priesthood, he retained his partiality for the Jesuits; and it is more than probable that their influence had aided not a little to determine Talon's choice. One of their number, Jacques Marquette, was chosen to accompany him.
He passed up the lakes to Michillimackinac; and found his destined companion at Point St. Ignace, on the north side of the strait; where, in his palisaded mission-house and chapel, he had labored for two years past to instruct the Huron refugees from St. Esprit, and a band of Ottawas who had joined them. Marquette was born in 1637, of an old and honorable family at Laon, in the north of France, and was now thirty-five years of age. When about seventeen, he had joined the Jesuits, evidently from motives purely religious; and in 1666 he was sent to the missions of Canada. At first he was destined to the station of Tadoussac; and, to prepare himself for it, he studied the Montagnais language under Gabriel Druilletes. But his destination was changed, and he was sent to the Upper Lakes in 1668, where he had since remained. His talents as a linguist must have been great; for, within a few years, he learned to speak with ease six Indian languages. The traits of his character are unmistakable. He was of the brotherhood of the early Canadian missionaries, and the true counterpart of Garnier or Jogues. He was a devout votary of the Virgin Mary; who, imaged to his mind in shapes of the most transcendent loveliness with which the pencil of human genius has ever informed the canvas, was to him the object of an adoration not unmingled with a sentiment of chivalrous devotion. The longings of a sensitive heart, divorced from earth, sought solace in the skies. A subtile element of romance was blended with the fervor of his worship, and hung like an illumined cloud over the harsh and hard realities of his daily lot. Kindled by the smile of his celestial mistress, his gentle and noble nature knew no fear. For her he burned to dare and to suffer, discover new lands and conquer new realms to her sway.
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