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1  1 [Translator’s note: The military dictatorship that lasted from 1964 to 1985 officially pardoned everyone it had persecuted on August 28, 1979. This amnesty is very polemic in Brazil because it also included state agents who had killed and tortured under the regime. The two-way nature of the pardon was one of several conditions that the military put in place when negotiating the reinstatement of civilian government.]

2  2 Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes, “Cinema: A Trajectory within Underdevelopment,” in Brazilian Cinema, ed. Randall Johnson and Robert Stam (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), p. 245.

3  3 Bento Prado Jr., Ipseitas (Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017), p. 82.

4  4 [TN: I-monde in the original involves an untranslatable play on monde “world” and immonde “mucky.” See n. 17.]

5  5 Bento Prado Jr., “Le dépistage de l’erreur de catégorie,” in Lógica e ontologia: ensaios em homenagem a Balthazar Barbosa Filho, ed. Fátima Évora et al. (São Paulo: Discurso, 2004), pp. 347–8.

6  6 Ipseitas, published in 2017. [TN: See n. 3.]

7  7 Bento Prado Jr., Alguns ensaios: filosofia, literatura, psicanálise (São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2000), p. 210.

8  8 Prado Jr., Alguns ensaios, p. 205.

9  9 Prado Jr., Alguns ensaios., p. 210.

10 10 [TN: The reference to Whitehead in Bento Prado Jr. that Vladimir Safatle picks up on here probably has Maurice Merleau-Ponty as its hidden mediator: “the edges of nature are always ragged” [les bords de la nature sont toujours en guenilles] is how the latter translated Whitehead’s statement “nature as perceived always has a ragged edge.” See Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France, trans. Robert Vallier (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2003), p. 114; Alfred North Whitehead, The Concept of Nature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920), p. 50.]

11 11 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 90.

12 12 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 181.

13 13 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 196.

14 14 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 86.

15 15 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 88.

16 16 Prado Jr., Alguns ensaios, p. 187.

17 17 “As is the case with other American peoples, our formation is not natural, spontaneous, or, so to speak, logical. Hence the muck of contrasts that we are.” Mario de Andrade, Aspectos da literatura brasileira (São Paulo: Martins, 1974), p. 8. [TN: The word for “muck”—imundice, itself a corruption of imundície—echoes Bento Prado’s play on i-mundo (at once “unworld” and “mucky”). See n. 4.]

18 18 As Paulo Arantes would say in relation to this phantasm: “In short, in an ‘amorphous and dissolved’ social environment, to borrow Tobias Barreto’s words in Um discurso em mangas de camisa, everything conspired to produce listless souls, a certain weariness felt by all, an invitation to a voluntarism drawn hither and thither by the flickers of curiosity, as lacking in fiber as the matter of the formless social body was ‘soft, excessively plastic and ductile.’” Paulo Arantes and Otília Fiori, Sentido da formação: Três ensaios sobre Antonio Candido, Gilda de Mello e Souza e Lúcio Costa [The Meaning of Formation: Three Essays on Atonio Candido, Gilda de Mello e Souza and Lúcio Costa] (São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1997), p. 18.

19 19 Jürgen Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990), pp. 100–1.

20 20 Prado Jr, Alguns ensaios, p. 96.

21 21 See page 63 in this volume.

22 22 [TN: Fernando Henrique Cardoso—like Bento Prado Jr., a former professor at the University of São Paulo persecuted by the military regime—was the president of Brazil from 1995 to 2002.]

23 23 See page 20 in this volume.

24 24 Prado Jr., Ipseitas, p. 88.

25 25 See Paul Celan, “Todtnauberg,” Breathturn into Timestead: The Collected Later Poetry: A Bilingual Edition, trans. Pierre Joris (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014), 254–6: Arnika, Augentrost, der / Trunk aus dem Brunnen mit dem / Sternwürfel drauf / in der / Hütte, / die in das Buch / wesen Namen nahms auf / vor dem meinen? / die in dies Buch / geschriebene Zeile von / einer Hoffnung, heute, / auf eines Denkenden / Kommendes / Wort/im Herzen, / Waldwasen, uneingeebnet / Orchis und Orchis, einzeln, / Krudes, später im Fahren / deutlich, / der uns fährt, der Mensch / der’s mit anhört, / die halb- / beschrittenen Knüppel- / pfade im Hochmoor / Feuchtes / viel.

26 26 Martin Heidegger, Introduction to Metaphysics, trans. Gregory Fried and Richard Polt (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), p. 224.

27 27 Martin Heidegger, “Why Poets?” in idem, Off the Beaten Track, trans. Julian Young and Kenneth Hayes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 224.

28 28 Heidegger, “Why Poets?,” p. 224.

29 29 Heidegger, “Why Poets?,” p. 220.