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PLACE NAMES
ОглавлениеThe spelling of place names in ninth- and tenth-century Britain was an uncertain business, with no consistency and no agreement even about the name itself. Thus London was variously rendered as Lundonia, Lundenberg, Lundenne, Lundene, Lundenwic, Lundenceaster and Lundres. Doubtless some readers will prefer other versions of the names listed below, but I have usually employed whichever spelling is cited in either the Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names or the Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names for the years nearest or contained within Alfred’s reign, AD 871–899, but even that solution is not foolproof. Hayling Island, in 956, was written as both Heilincigae and Hæglingaiggæ. Nor have I been consistent myself; I have preferred the modern form Northumbria to Norðhymbralond to avoid the suggestion that the boundaries of the ancient kingdom coincide with those of the modern county. So this list, like the spellings themselves, is capricious.
Bebbanburg | Bamburgh, Northumberland |
Berewic | Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland |
Brunanburh | Bromborough, Cheshire |
Cair Ligualid | Carlisle, Cumbria |
Ceaster | Chester, Cheshire |
Cent | Kent |
Contwaraburg | Canterbury, Kent |
Dunholm | Durham, County Durham |
Dyflin | Dublin, Eire |
Eoferwic | York, Yorkshire (Saxon name) |
Fagranforda | Fairford, Gloucestershire |
Farnea Islands | Farne Islands, Northumberland |
Gleawecestre | Gloucester, Gloucestershire |
Heagostealdes | Hexham, Northumberland |
Heahburh | Whitley Castle, Alston, Cumbria |
(fictional name) | |
Hedene | River Eden, Cumbria |
Huntandun | Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire |
Hwite | Whitchurch, Shropshire |
Irthinam | River Irthing |
Jorvik | York, Yorkshire (Danish/Norse name) |
Lindcolne | Lincoln, Lincolnshire |
Lindisfarena | Lindisfarne (Holy Island), Northumberland |
Lundene | London |
Mædlak | River Medlock, Lancashire |
Mærse | River Mersey |
Mameceaster | Manchester |
Monez | Anglesey, Wales |
Ribbel | River Ribble, Lancashire |
Ribelcastre | Ribchester, Lancashire |
Snæland | Iceland |
Spura | Birdoswald Roman fort, Cumbria |
(fictional name) | |
Sumorsæte | Somerset |
Tamweorthin | Tamworth, Staffordshire |
Temes | River Thames |
Tine | River Tyne |
Usa | River Ouse, Yorkshire |
Wevere | River Weaver, Cheshire |
Wiltunscir | Wiltshire |
Wintanceaster | Winchester, Hampshire |
Wirhealum | The Wirral, Cheshire |