Читать книгу My City Different - Betty E. Bauer - Страница 7

The first Spaniard to travel the long, hard journey from Mexicointo the land that became New Mexico was Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, a gentleman adventurer in search of gold. He made the trip in 1540-42 and found only primitive Indian adobe dwellings which, in the sun’s reflection, may have resembled the golden Cities of Cibola to a more imaginative fellow, but generated only profound disappointment in Coronado.

Half a century later, Don Juan de Oñate set forth from the district of Chihuahua, Mexico in New Spain and founded the first settlement slightly north of present-day Santa Fe on the Rio Grande. He was Governor of this new land until 1608, when the Viceroy in Mexico City, displeased with Oñate’s performance, forced him to resign and sent Don Pedro de Peralta to replace him.

Peralta founded the city of Santa Fe in 1610 as the capital of New Mexico, and proceeded to lay the town out in accordance with established Spanish custom.

Laid out in a Roman grid pattern, the plaza was the center or hub with all streets emanating from it. The streets, having been laid out in the first part of the 17th century, are narrow but straight. They form boxes of ever-increasing size, fanning out with regularly-spaced, parallel streets going north and south, intersecting similarly-laid streets flowing east to west, so that there is a uniformity to the center of town which is lacking in the outlying areas. Added later, the early residential streets were formed haphazardly and are inclined to wind and weave around every which way, making it easy for a newcomer to get very lost.

The small Spanish town thrived until the 1680’s when the Indians of the many surrounding pueblos became fed up with their treatment by the Spaniards, particularly the Franciscan Priests, and revolted. They took the town in a bloody battle and held it until 1693 when Don Diego de Vargas marched on the city and, in a bloodless reconquest, re-established the seat of government and Spain’s dominance over the new land.

Mexico declared its independence from Spain in 1821 and became a Republic in 1824. New Mexico became a part of the Republic of Mexico until, as a result of the Mexican War of 1846, the United States acquired most of New Mexico. The rest was redeemed through the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Union troops recaptured the territory after Confederate troops held it briefly during the Civil War. Thus, four flags have flown from Santa Fe’s venerable Palace of the Governors.

For two-thirds of a century, New Mexico remained a territory. Finally, in 1912, it was the last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union.

Santa Fe is in the northernmost part of the state and, at 7,000 feet, lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains which rise to more than 12,000 feet. It is high desert country with broad vistas, mountains in every direction, rock formations and badlands. Tall pine, spruce and aspen grow in abundance high in the mountains, and the foothills are alive with forests of stunted piñon and juniper. It is breathtakingly beautiful country.

The state is sparsely settled with fewer than two million inhabitants which ranks it thirty-sixth among the states in population; however, its extensive land area measures more than 120,000 square miles which puts it fifth in the nation in size. Santa Fe, with a population today of about 65,000, is still a relatively small city. Its population totaled about 19,000 when I arrived in 1953 but, being neither a boom nor bust city, a steady growth rate in the two percent range has been responsible for the population increase.

Normally, Santa Fe’s climate is mild, but extremes do happen. It has four distinct seasons, with winter lows near 30° and summer highs in the mid-80°s. I have known a few winters where the temperature dropped to 12° below, and summers where it rose into the high 90°s. Extreme temperatures are far more tolerable in Santa Fe than elsewhere because of the very low humidity which sits at about 13 percent most of the time, but has gone as low as 6 percent on occasion.

It is high desert, and lack of precipitation can be dire. There are years when winter snows have been generous and spring and summer rains plentiful. Then the run-off fills the reservoirs to overflowing and the desert is lush and jumping with wild flowers. In those years, the native wild life stay in the upper reaches of the mountains, the grass down below is green and bountiful, and gardens bloom with abandon. Then there are the other years when winters are warm and open, and snow doesn’t come. Spring and summer rains have forsaken the land and it is brown. The grass dries up, flowers fade and die, and the mountain critters come to town in search of food and water. Magnificent deer saunter through residential grounds, plucking leaves from the trees and grazing on the remains of whatever edibles are to be found. The bears come around to gobble fruit from the few trees that are bearing and frighten the newcomers who are not in the habit of finding bears in their yards.

Santa Fe has only two major industries—tourism and government. For this reason, the town is full of small businesses, most of which depend on tourism for their survival.

It is called The City Different and was so named because it was strange and foreign to visitors and not remotely like any other American city. Its inhabitants also were thought to be a bit strange and different. This was in part caused by the cultural stew represented by the mix of Spaniards, Indians and Anglo Americans, seasoned with sprinkles of ex-patriot Russians, French, British, Germans and Chinese. And the lifestyle was also strange and different, being largely unrestrictive and tolerant.

Santa Fe is an inventive place, alive with creative people because newcomers, without trust accounts or other means of outside support, have to invent a way to earn a living or leave.

It is a land of contrast—a land than can be soft and seductive—a land that can be harsh and cruel.