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List of Persons

The Knights of St. John of Jerusalem had grown since the twelfth century in the Holy Land where the Knights Hospitallers began as a service for pilgrims and crusaders. They were responsible for a huge hospital in Jerusalem with two thousand beds, and they maintained shelters and small hospitals along southern European pilgrim paths. Soon thereafter, the brothers of the Order were also tasked with defense, and the combatant arm—the knights—became the dominant arm. When Palestine was lost in 1291, The Religion (as the order always called themselves) created a home for themselves on Rhodes, as well as some other islands southwest of Asia Minor [Eastern Turkey] (from 1309), and made it their own little island kingdom.

The brothers of the order consisted of knights, serving brothers, and chaplains. They were organized into eight langues according to their different nationalities. Three of the langues were what we would call French: Provence, Auvergne, and France. Two were Spanish: Aragon and Castile (with Portugal). Then there were those of Italy, Germany, and England.

Each langue had its auberge on Rhodes, something between a cloister and an officers’ mess. The langue was led by a Pilier, who also possessed a high office in the order particular to his langue. The Pilier of France was the “Hospitaller” (overseer of the hospital). The Pilier of Auvergne was the “Marshal”; of Italy, was the “Admiral”; of England, was the “Turcopoler” (commander of the coast guard); while that of Castile was the “Chancellor.”

All these—always distinguished from each other—were “Knights of the Grand Cross” and were simply called Grand Crosses. They had a seat in the council that served as the government of Rhodes.

The Grand Master was the order’s chief and also the head of the state.

In the homelands, the order of St. John owned property and fields like other orders and cloisters. Property was under the “Commander,” who managed the commandery, often a pensioned brother of the order, yet an active one. The commanderies took some of the revenue and delivered the rest to the order’s purse. The commanderies were in their turn gathered to the “priory.” A priory could encompass a whole land and was led by a Prior or a Grand Prior. The Grand Priors were the order’s highest representatives in the homelands.

Grand Masters:

Fabrizio del Carretto: about seventy years old, Italian, Grand Master since 1513. He successfully defended Saint Nicolas in 1480, the prominent fort in the Mandraki, against the superior force of the Turks. He died on the tenth of January 1521.

Phillip Villiers de I’sle Adam: Fifty-seven years old, entered the order of St. John already at ten years old, held a series of commissions, and was Grand Master from 1421–1434. Died on Malta.

The earlier Grand Masters, whose memories were still living in Rhodes:

Dieudonné de Gozon: 1346–1353

Philibert de Naillac: 1396–1421

Pierre d’Aubusson: 1476–1503

Emery d’Amboise: 1503–1512

Grand Crosses :

Andrea d’ Amaral: around seventy years old, Portuguese, Chancellor.

Gabriel de Pomerolx: Frenchman, Grand Commander, Grand Master’s deputy, Pilier for the Provençal langue

Paolo d’ Acola: Italian, Admiral, died in 1521.

Bernardino d Airasca: Italian, Admiral 1521–1525.

John Burk: Englishman, Turcopoler, (commander of the Coast Guard).

Christopher von Waldener: German Pilier, given command of the German wall in addition to the castle; also responsible for order in the city.

Preian de Bidoulx: previously in French service, came to Rhodes in 1518, and became Prior of St. Gilles, the castle in Lango (Kos) m.m. One of the first to join the Provençal langue, died at the age of sixty from a small wound after a skirmish with the Turks just outside Marseille.

Knights:

Didier de Tholon: Provençal, Grand Master 1525–1526

Passim: (His real name was Antoine de Grolée) commander with a long service record behind him on Rhodes. Auvergnat. Entrusted with the order’s standard.

Raymond Rogier: commander of the Auvergne wall.

Jean de Fournon: commander of the artillery in the same sector.

Jean Beaulouys: called Le Loup, “The Wolf,” Auvergnat. One of the order’s best seamen.

Pierre Dumont: Auvergnat,

* Jean Chalat: Thirty-seven years old, Auvergnat.

* André Barel: eighteen years old, Auvergnat, came to Rhodes in 1521 and was received as a novice.

Jacques de Bourbon: “the Bastard of Bourbon”, Commander, later Grand Prior of France, was actually the son of Louis Bourbon, First Bishop of Liége (died in 1482). He wrote a detailed and vivid account of the siege: La grande et merveilleuse et très cruelle oppugnation de la noble cité de Rhodes, Paris 1526. Died in 1537.

* Antoine de Golart: twenty-one years old, a novice at seventeen, belonged to the French langue.

Lodovico de Moroso: Italian.

Gabriele Solerio: Italian,

Jacobo Palavisino: Italian,

Ramon de Marquet: Aragonian, commander of the reserves.

Juan de Barbaran: commander of the bastion of Aragon. (The so-called Spanish wall)

William Weston: Englishmen entrusted with the command of the English wall, was captain of Saint Anne, the world’s largest ship, and Grand Prior of England, said to have died of a broken heart on Ascension Day 1540, when Henry the VIII disbanded the order of St. John in England.

Henry Mansell: Englishman, entrusted with the Grand Master’s banner, was shot in the head during the fight on the English Boulevard on the ninth of September, lived on for one month, but died from the wound.

Thomas Pemberton: Englishman.

Serving Brothers;

Antonio Bosio: born in Lombardi, of Spanish descent. He had a brother, Tomaso, who became Bishop of Malta. The son of one of his other brothers was the Giacomo Bosio, who wrote a famous history of the order of St. John.

Bartholomeo Policiano: Italian, Vice Chancellor, the order’s “chief of expeditions,” responsible for the archives,

Brother François: called Shooter-Frans, about thirty-five years old, Provençal, born on Rhodes to a Greek mother.

Brother Gierolamo: around fifty years old, Italian, surgeon in the hospital.

Chaplains:

*Fra Giovanni: around thirty-eight years old, Italian, chaplain to the Grand Master.

*Father Dominique: around forty-five, Frenchman.

Remaining:

Gabriele Tadini da Martinengo: forty-one years old, born in northern Italy, officer and fortress engineer in Venetian service, became a knight of the order of St. John in 1522. He took part in many later campaigns, for example in service of the emperor in Pavia in 1525. He died in 1543 in Vienna.

Suleiman: called “the Magnificent” in western lands, in Turkey “The Law Maker” or “The Legislator.” Twenty-six years old. Sultan 1520–1566

Amuratte: (Murad) Turkish usurper of the throne, Son of Zizimi (Djem), who fled to Rhodes in 1482 to escape his brother Bajazet (who was Suleiman’s grandfather).

Jacob Fonteyn: (Jacobus Fontanus), lawyer from Brügge in Flanders, came to Rhodes in 1521 as a judge in the superior court. Later wrote a description of the siege, in Latin, De Bello Rhodio libri tres, Rome 1524.

(*) Richard Craig: Englishman, commander of the security troops.

Anasthasia: Fonteyn told her story without giving her name. Tradition says her name was Anasthasia.

Iaxi: supply master for the navy fleet.

(*) Father Gennaios: Greek Priest.

(*) Jannis: Greek from Rhodes, cook.

Leonardo Balestrini: Genoese, Archbishop of “Rhodes and Colossi” (for the Latin Church). There was also a Metropolitan for the Greeks of Rhodes (Klemens), unionate with Rome.

Gianantonio Bonaldi: Venetian. Merchant and ship captain, resident of Crete.

Apella Renato: Jewish doctor, convert, employed in the hospital.

Blas Diez: Spanish Jew, baptized, d’Amaral’s butler.

(*) Ibrahim: Turkish prisoner of war, d’Amaral’s gardener.

Roberto Peruzzi: Judge, belonged to one of the Italian families who resided in Rhodes.

The above people are all found in the sources of the time with exception of those who are preceded by an asterisk. The asterisk within parentheses means that the person is found in passing, but not given a name.