Читать книгу Instant Chinese - Boye Lafayette De Mente - Страница 7
ОглавлениеHello Ni hao (Nee how) 你好
Hello (to one person)
Ni hao (Nee how) 你好
Hello (to more than one person)
Nimen hao (Nee-mern how) 你们好
Good morning (until about 10 a.m.)
Ni zao (Nee zow) 你早
Good morning (very polite form)
Zaoshang hao (Zow-shahng how) 早上好
Good afternoon / Good evening
Ni hao (Nee how) 你好
Good night
Wan an (Wahn ahn) 晚安
Goodbye
Zai jian (Dzigh jeean) 再见
Thank You Xiexie (shay-shay) 谢谢
Thank you
Xiexie (shay-shay) 谢谢
Thank you very much
Feichang xiexie (Fay-chahng shay-shay) 非常谢谢
Thank you for your hospitality
Duoxie ni de kuandai (Dwoh-shay nee der kwahn-die) 多谢你的款待
No, thanks
Xiexie, bu yao (Shay-shay boo yee-ow) 谢谢，不要
Don’t mention it / You’re welcome
Bu keqi (Boo ker-chee) 不客气
Sorry/Excuse Me baoqian (bow-chee-an) 抱歉
I’m sorry, I apologize
Duibuqi (Dway-boo-chee) 对不起
I’m very sorry
Wo hen baoqian (Woh hern bow-chee-an) 我很抱歉
Excuse me (to get attention, make way)
Lao jia (Lao jah) 劳驾
Excuse me… (may I trouble you)
Mafan ni… (Ma-fahn nee…) 麻烦你
Excuse me… (may I ask a question)
Qing wen… (Cheeng wern…) 请问
Please Qing (Cheeng) 请
Please hurry!
Qing gankuai! (Cheeng gahn-kwigh) 请赶快
Please be careful
Qing xiaoxin yidian (Cheeng she-ow-sheen ee-dee-an) 请小心一点
Come in, please
Qing jin (Cheeng jeen) 请进
Please sit down
Qing zuo (Cheeng zwoh) 请坐
Can you please help me?
Neng bang wo yixia ma?
(Nerng bahng woh ee-she-ah mah)
能帮我一下吗?
Please write it down
Qing xie xia lai (Cheeng shay she-ah lie) 请写下来
Please write it in Roman letters
Qing yong Pinyin xie (Cheeng yohng Peen-een shay) 请用拼音写
I Wo (Woh) 我
I’m an American
Wo shi Meiguoren (Woh shr May-gwoh-wren)
我是美国人
I’m British/English
Wo shi Yinguoren (Woh shr Yeeng-gwoh-wren)
我是英国人
I am _____
Wo shi _____ (Woh shr _____) 我是 _____
| Australian | Aozhouren (Ah-oh-joe-wren) 澳洲人 |
| Canadian | Jianadaren (Je-ah-nah-dah-wren) 加拿大人 |
| French | Faguoren (Fa-gwoh-wren) 法国人 |
| German | Deguowen (Duh-gwoh-wren) 德国人 |
| Japanese | Ribenwen (Ree-bern-wren) 日本人 |
| Spanish | Xibanyaren (She-bahn-yah-wren) 西班牙人 |
I am from _______
Wo shi ______ lai-de (Woh shr _____ lie-duh) 我是 ______ 来的
| Australia | Aodaliya (ah-oh-dah-lee-yah) 澳大利亚 |
| Canada | Jianada (Jah-nah-dah) 加拿大 |
| Denmark | Danmai (Dahn-my) 丹麦 |
| England | Yingguo (Eeng-gwoh) 英国 |
| France | Faguo (Fah-gwoh) 法国 |
| Germany | Deguo (Der-gwoh) 德国 |
| Holland | Helan (Her-lahn) 荷兰 |
| Ireland | Airlan (Ayer-lahn) 爱尔兰 |
| Italy | Yidali (Ee-dah-lee) 意大利 |
| Japan | Riben (Ree-bern) 日本 |
| New Zealand | Niuxilan (New-she-lahn) 纽西兰 |
| Norway | Nuowei (Noh-way) 挪威 |
| Sweden | Ruidian (Rway-dee-an) 瑞典 |
| Switzerland | Ruishi (Rway-shr) 瑞士 |
| USA | Meiguo (May-gwoh) 美国 |
I’m here on vacation
Wo lai dujia (Woh lie doo-jah) 我来渡假
I’m in China on holiday
Wo lai Zhongguo luxing (Woh lie Johng-gwoh lweesheeng) 我来中国旅行
I’m traveling on business
Wo zuo shengyi luxing (Woh zwoh sherng lwee-sheeng) 我做生意旅行
I’m in China on business
Wo lai Zhongguo weile zuo shengyi (Woh lie Johng-gwoh way-ler zwoh sherng-ee) 我来中国为了做生意
I am traveling alone
Wo dandu luxing (Woh dahn-doo lwee-sheeng) 我单独旅行
I don’t understand (listening)
Wo ting bu dong (Woh teeng boo dohng) 我听不懂
I’ve had enough, thank you
Wo gou le, xiexie (Woh go ler, shay-shay) 我够了，谢谢
I know
Wo zhidao (Woh jr-dow) 我知道
I don’t know
Wo bu zhidao (Woh boo jr-dow) 我不知道
I’m not sure
Wo bu qingchu (Woh boo cheeng-choo) 我不清楚
I’ve (already) eaten
Wo chi le (Woh chr ler) 我吃了
My Wo-de (Woh-der) 我的
These are my bags
Zhe shi wo-de xingli (Jer shr woh-der sheeng-lee) 这是我的行李
My address is _____
Wo-de dizhi shi _____ (Woh-der dee-jr shr_____)
我的地址是 _____
That is my book
Wo-de shu (Woh-der shoo) 我的书
You Ni (Nee)* 你
Are you Chinese?
Ni shi Zhonguoren ma? (Nee shr Johng-gwoh-wren mah)
你是中国人吗?
Are you Japanese?
Ni shi Ribenren ma? (Nee shr Ree-bern-wren mah)
你是日本人吗?
Do you live here?
Ni zhu zai zhe-ge difang ma? (Nee joo dzigh jay-guh dee-fahng mah) 你住在这个地方吗?
Are you married?
Ni jiehun-le ma? (Nee jay-hoon-ler mah) 你结婚了吗?
Do you have children?
Ni you haizi-le ma? (Nee you high-dzu-ler mah) 你有孩子了吗?
*The “you” (ni) is generally left out of sentences when it is understood from the context.
Yes / No* Shi (shr) 是 / Bu (Boo) 不
*Yes and no are not commonly used on their own in Chinese. Yes is usually expressed by repeating the verb. The negative is expressed by putting bu (boo) or mei (may) in front of verbs and adjectives.
Names Mingzi (Meeng-dzu) 名字
first name ming (meeng) 名
family name xing (sheeng) 姓
What is your first name?
Nin gui ming? (Neen gway-meeng) 你贵名?
What is your family name?
Ni xing shenme? (Nee sheeng shern-mo) 你姓什么?
My family name is _____
Wo xing ______ (Woh sheeng _____) 我姓 ______
We Wo-men (Woh-mern) 我们
Where are we? / Where is this?
Zhe shi nali? (Jer shr nah-lee?) 这是那里?
We are not going
Wo-men bu qu (Woh-mern boo chwee) 我们不去
We have one daughter
Wo-men you yi-ge nuer (Woh-mern you ee-guh nwee-urr) 我们有一个女儿
We live in America
Wo-men zhu Meiguo (Woh-mern joo May-gwoh) 我们住美国
We are married
Wo-men jiehun-le (Woh-mern jeh-hoon-ler) 我们结婚了
We want to go to_____
Wo-men yao qu _____ (Woh-mern yee-ow chwee _____)
我们要去 _____
Speak Shuo (Shwo)
Do you speak English?
Ni hui shuo Yingwen ma? (Nee hway shwo Eeng-wern mah?) 你会说英文吗?
I don’t speak Chinese
Wo bu hui Zhongwen (Woh boo hway Johng-wern) 我不会中文
I speak a little Chinese
Hui yidian Zhongwen (Hway ee-dee-an Johng-wern) 会一点中文
Please speak more slowly
Qing shuo man yidian (Cheeng shwo mahn ee-dee-an) 请说慢一点
What did you say?
Ni shuo shenme? (Nee shwo shern-mo) 你说什么?
Please repeat that
Qing ni zai shuo yibian (Cheeng nee dzie shwo ee bee-an?) 请你再说一遍
What did he say?
Ta shuo shenme? (Tah shwo shern-mo) 他说什么?
Understand Dong (Dohng) 懂
I understand
Wo dong (Woh dohng) 我懂
I don’t understand
Wo bu dong (Woh boo dohng) 我不懂
We don’t understand
Wo-men bu dong (Woh-mern boo dohng) 我们不懂
Do you understand?
Ni dong ma? (Nee dohng mah) 你懂吗?
Did you understand?
Ni ming bai-le ma? (Nee meeng by-ler mah) 你明白了吗?
I need an interpreter
Wo xu yao fanyi yuan (Woh she-yow fahn-ee ywahn) 我需要翻译员
Who? (question) Shui (Shway) 谁?
Who are you?
Ni shi shui? (Nee shr shway) 你是谁?
Who is that?
Na shi shui? (Nah shr shway) 那是谁?
Who is first?
Shui shi-de yige? (Shway shr-dee ee-guh) 谁是第一个?
Who speaks English
Shui neng shuo Yingwen? (Shway nerng shwo Eeng-wern) 谁能说英文?
What? Shenme? (Shern-mo) 什么?
What is this called in Chinese?
Zheige Zhongwen jiao shenme? (Jay-guh Johng-wern jow shern-mo) 这个中文叫什么?
What is that called?
Na ge jiao shenme ? (Nah guh jee-ow shern-mo) 那个叫 什么?
What time is breakfast?
Jidian chi zaofan? (Jee-dee-an chr zow-fahn) 几点吃早饭?
What time is lunch?
Jidian chi wufan? (Jee-dee-an chr woo-fahn) 几点吃午饭?
What is your address?
Ni-de dizhi? (Nee-der dee-jr) 你的地址?
What is this street?
Zhe shi na tiao jie? (Jur shr nay-tee-ow jeh) 这是那条街?
What is that?
Na shi shenme? (Nah shr shern-mo) 那是什么?
When? Shenme shihou? (Shern-mo shr-hoe) 什么时候?
When are we going?
Wo men shenme shihou qu? (Woh-mern shern-mo shrhoe chwee) 我们什么时候去?
When will you be finished?
Ni shenme shihou hui hao? (Nee shern-mo shr-hoe hway how) 你什么时候会好?
When does it begin?
Shenme shihou kaishi? (Shern-mo shr-hoe kigh-shr?) 什么时候开始?
Where? Nali? (Nah-lee) 那里? / Nar? (Nah-urr) 那儿?
Where is _____?
_____ zai na? (_____ zigh nah-urr) _____ 在那?
Where is it?
Ta zai nali? (Tah zigh nah-lee) 它在那里?
Where are you from?
Ni shi cong na lai-de? (Nee shr tsohng nah-urr lie-der) 你是从那来的？
Where do you want to go?
Ni xiang qu nali? (Nee she-ahng chwee nah-lee) 你想去那里?
Where are we going?
Wo men yao qu nali? (Woh-mern yow chwee nah-lee) 我们要去那里?
Where is my friend?
Wo de pengyou zai nali? (Woh-der perng-you zigh nah-lee) 我的朋友在那里?
Where is the bus stop?
Che zhan zai nali? (Cher jahn zigh nah-lee) 车站在那里?
Why? Weishenme? (Way shern-mo) 为什么?
Why? (whenever needed)
Weishenme? (Way-shern-mo) 为什么?
How? Duo? (Dwoh) 多 ; Zenme? (Zern-mo) 怎么?
How much is it/that?
Duo shao qian? (Dwoh shou chee-an) 多少钱?
How much is this?
Zhe shi duo shao? (Jur shr dwoh-shou) 这是多少?
How does this work?
Zhe zenme caozuo? (Jur zern-mo chow zwoh) 这怎么操作?
How far is it?
Li zhe duo yuan? (Lee juh dwoh ywahn) 离这多远?
How long will it take?
Zhe yao duo jiu? (Juh yow dwoh jeo) 这要多久?
This Zhe (Jur) 这; Zhei (Jay) 这
This is mine
Zhe shi wo-de (Jur shr woh-der) 这是我的
What is this?
Zhe shi shenme? (Juh shr shern-mo) 这是什么?
I don’t like this (it)
Bu xihuan (Boo she-hwahn) 不喜欢
How much is this?
Zhe shi duoshao? (Jur shr dwoh-shou) 这是多少?
This is very good
Zhe hen hao (Jur hern how) 这很好
That Na (Nah) 那 / Nei (Nay) 哪
What is that?
Na shi shenme? (Nah shr shern-mo) 那是什么?
That’s my luggage
Na shi wo-de xingli (Nah shr woh-der sheeng-lee) 那是我的行李
Is that so?
Shi ma? (Shr mah) 是吗?
How much is that?
Na shi duoshao? (Nah shr dwoh-shou) 那是多少?
Who is/was that?
Na shi shei? (Nah shr shay) 那是谁?
What is that street?
Na shi neitiao jie? (Nah shr nay-tee-ow jeh) 那是哪条街?
Write Xie (Shay) 写
Please write it down
Qing ni xie xia (Cheeng nee shay shah) 请你写下
Please write it in Roman letters
Qing yong pinyin xie (Cheeng yohng peen-yeen shay) 请用拼音写
Please write it in Chinese
Qing yong Zhongwen xie (Cheeng yohng Johng-wern shay) 请用中文写
Address Dizhi (dee-juh) 地址
(This is) my address
Wo-de dizhi (Woh-der dee-jr) 我的地址
What is your address?
Ni-de zhu zhi shi? (Nee-der joo jr shr) 你的住址是?
Please write it down
Qing xie xia lai (Cheeng shay shah lie) 请写下来
Please read it to me
Qing du zhe-ge gaiwo ting (Cheeng doo jur-guh guy-woh ting) 请读这个给我听
Please read it out loud
Qing da sheng du (Cheeng dah sherng doo) 请大声读
Introductions Jieshao (Jeh-shou) 介绍
May I introduce myself?
Wo keyi jieshao woziji ma? (Woh ker-ee jeh-shou wohdzu-jee mah) 我可以介绍我自己吗?
My name is _____
Wo-de mingzi shi _____ (Woh-der meeng-dzu shr ____) 我的名字是 _____
This is my name card
Zhe shi wo-de ming pian (Jur shr woh-der meeng pee-an) 这是我的名片
What is your name?
Ni jiao shenme mingzi? 你叫什么名字? (Nee jow shern-mo meeng-dzu)
I’m pleased to meet you
Jiuyang (Joe-yahng) 久仰
Do you have a name card?
Ni you ming pian ma? (Nee you meeng pee-an mah) 你有名片吗?
This is my wife
Zhe shi wo-de furen (Jur shr woh-der foo-wren) 这是我的夫人
Family Jiawren (jah-wren) 家人
| husband | zhangfu (jahng-foo) 丈夫 |
| wife | furen (foo-wren) 夫人 |
| qizi (chee-dzu) 妻子 | |
| children | haizi (high-dzu) 孩子 |
| daughter | nuer (nwee-urr) 女儿 |
| son | erzi (urr-dzu) 儿子 |
Do you have children?
You haizi ma? (You high-dzu mah) 有孩子吗?
I have two daughters
You liang-ge nuer (You lee-ahng-guh nwee-urr) 有两个女儿
Are you married?
Jiehunle ma? (Jeh hoon-ler mah) 结婚了吗?
I’m married
Jiehunle (Jeh hoon-ler) 结婚了
I’m single
Mei jiehun (May jeh-hoon) 没结婚
This is my wife
Zhewei shi wo qizi (Jur-way shr woh chee-dzu) 这位是我妻子
This is my husband
Zhewei shi wo zhangfu (Jur-way shr woh jahng-foo) 这位是我丈夫
Age Nianling (Nee-an-leeng) 年龄; Sui (Sway) 岁
How old are you (to young children)
Ni ji sui? (Nee jee sway) 你几岁?
How old are you (to all others)
Ni duo da? (Nee dwoh dah) 你多大?
Go Qu (Chwee) 去
I am going
Qu (Chwee) 去
I’m not going
Bu qu (Boo chwee) 不去
Are you going?
Ni qu ma? (Nee chwee mah) 你去吗?
Is he/she going
Ta qu ma? (Tah chwee mah) 他去吗?
Are they going?
Ta-men qu ma? (Tah-mern chwee mah) 他们去吗?
Are we going now?
Wo-men xianzai qu ma? (Woh-mern shee-an-zigh chwee mah) 我们现在去吗?
Come Lai (Lie) 来
I’m coming
Wo lai (Woh lie) 我来
I’m not coming
Wo bu lai (Woh boo lie) 我不来
He/she is coming
Ta lai (Tah lie) 他来
He/she is not coming
Ta bu lai (Tah boo lie) 他不来
I cannot come
Bu neng lai (Boo nerng lie) 不能来
They are coming
Ta-men lai (Tah-mern lie) 他们来
I will come tomorrow
Wo mingtian lai (Woh meeng-tee-an lie) 我明天来
Toilet Cesuo (tser-swoh) 厕所
| men | nan (nahn) 男 |
| women | nu (nwee) 女 |
| public toilet | gonggong cesuo (gohng-gohng tser-swoh) 公共厕所 |
Where is the toilet, please?
Qingwen, cesuo zai nar? (Cheeng-wern, tser-swoh dzigh nah-urr) 请问，厕所在那儿?
Is there a public toilet near here?
Zhe fujin you gonggong cesuo ma? (Jur foo-jeen you gohng-gohng tser-swoh mah) 这附近有公共厕所吗?
I need to go to the toilet
Wo yao qu cesuo (Woh yee-ow chwee tser-swoh) 我要去厕所
Money Qian (Chee-an) 钱
| Chinese currency | renminbi (wren-meen-bee) 人民币 |
| US dollars | Mei yuan (May ywahn) 美元 |
| Hong Kong dollars | Gang bi (Gahng bee) 港币 |
| Australian dollars | Aodaliya yuan (Ah-aw-dah-lee-yah ywen) 奥地利亚元 |
| Canadian dollars | Jiabi (Jee-ah-bee) 加币 |
| English pounds | Ying bang (Yeeng bahng) 英镑 |
| Japanese yen | Ri yuan (Ree ywahn) 日元 |
| travelers’ checks | luxing zhipiao (lwee-sheeng jr-pee-ow) 旅行支票 |
| credit cards | xinyong ka (sheen-yohng kah) 信用卡 |
| cash | xiankuan (shee-an-kwahn) 现款 |
Where can I exchange money?
Nali keyi duihuan qian? (Nah-lee ker-ee dway-hwahn chee-an) 那里可以兑换钱?
What is today’s exchange rate for US dollars?
Jintian Mei yuan duihuan lu duoshao? (Jeen-tee-an May ywahn dway-hwahn lwee dwoh-shou)
今天美元兑换率多少?
Can you write it down?
Ni neng xiexia-lai ma? (Nee nung shay-she-ah lie mah)
你能写下来吗?
Credit Cards Xinyong ka (Sheen-yohng kah) 信用卡
Do you accept credit cards?
Ni shou xinyong ka ma? (Nee show sheen-yohng kah mah) 你收信用卡吗?
Which credit cards do you accept?
Ni-men jieshou naxie xinyong ka? (Nee-mern jeh-show nah-shay sheen-yohng kah) 你们接受那些信用卡?
Can I use my credit card to get cash?
Wo neng yong xinyong ka duihuan xiankuan ma? (Woh nerng yohng sheen-yohng kah dway-hwahn sheean-kwahn ma) 我能用信用卡兑换现款吗?
Want Yao (yow) 要
I want to go to the Great Wall
Wo yao qu Chang Cheng (Woh yow chwee Chahng Cherng) 我要去长城
I want to go sightseeing
Wo yao qu guanguang (Woh yow chwee gwahn-gwahng) 我要去观光
I want to buy a newspaper
Wo yao mai baozhi (Woh yow my bow-jr) 我要买报纸
I want to go to the American Embassy
Wa yao qu Meiguo Dashiguan (Woh yow chwee Maygwoh Dah-shr-gwahn) 我要去美国大使馆
I want to rest
Wo yao xiuxi (Woh yee-ow she-oh-she) 我要休息
Need Xuyao (She-yee-ow) 需要
I need some aspirin
Wo xuyao asipilin (Woh she-yee-ow ahs-pee-leen) 我需要阿司匹林
I need some foot powder
Wo xuyao jiao zhi fen (Woh she-yee-ow jee-ow chee fern) 我需要脚指粉
I need some shampoo
Wo xuyao xifaji (Woh she-yee-ow see-fa-jee) 我需要洗 发剂
I need some razor blades
Wo xuyao guahu dao (Woh she-yee-ow gwah-hoo dow) 我需要刮胡刀
I need some eyedrops
Wo xuyao yanyao shui (Woh she-yee-ow yahn-yee-ow shway) 我需要眼药水
I need an umbrella
Wo xuyao yusan (Woh she-yee-ow yuh-sahn) 我需要雨伞
Airport Feijichang (Fay-jee-chahng) 飞机场
