Читать книгу Synopsis of Orthopaedic Trauma Management - Brian H. Mullis - Страница 79

A. Female gender

1. Women have lower peak bone mass and postmenopausal decrease in estrogen.

2. Lower risk in elderly men due to peripheral aromatization of testosterone to estrogen. In general, men have greater bone mineral density, larger bone cross-sectional area, and cortical thickness.

B. Increased age

1. 90% of fragility fractures occur in patients > 50 years old.

C. Small/thin body size

1. Increased body weight and body mass index (BMI) are associated with decreased rates of osteoporosis, most likely due to increased mechanical load and peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen in adipose tissue.

2. BMI < 20 (thin frame) is associated with increased risk of fracture.

D. Ethnicity: Caucasian and Asian women are at the highest risk due to lower peak bone mass.

E. Family history of fragility fracture.