Chapter | | Page |
I. | Introduction to Plants | 3 |
II. | Roots | 9 |
| Uses of roots to plants | 9 |
| Habit of growth of roots | 11 |
| Conditions necessary for root growth | 20 |
III. | Soils | 23 |
| Relation of soil to plants | 23 |
| Classification of soils | 26 |
| How were soils made? | 30 |
| Soil texture | 37 |
IV. | Relation of Soils to Water | 39 |
| Importance of water to plants | 39 |
| Sources of soil water | 40 |
| Attitude of soils toward water: | |
| Percolation | |
| Absorption from below | |
| Power to hold water | 40 |
| The effect of working soils when wet | 45 |
V. | Forms of Soil Water | 48 |
| Free water | 48 |
| Capillary water | 49 |
| Film water | 50 |
VI. | Loss of Soil Water | |
| By surface wash | |
| By percolation and leaching | |
| By evaporation | |
| By transpiration | |
| How to check these losses | 53 |
VII. | Soil Temperature | 57 |
| How soils are warmed | 58 |
| How soils lose heat | |
| How to check loss of heat | 59 |
| Conditions which influence soil temperature | 60 |
| Value of organic matter | 61 |
VIII. | Plant Food in the Soil | 63 |
IX. | Seeds | 70 |
| Conditions necessary for sprouting | 70 |
| Seed testing | 75 |
| How the seeds come up | 77 |
| Use of cotyledons and endosperm | 79 |
X. | Seed Planting | 81 |
| Depth of planting: | |
| Operation of planting | |
| Planting machines | 81 |
| Seed classification | 85 |
| Transplanting | 87 |
XI. | Spading and Plowing | 90 |
| Spading the soil | 90 |
| Plowing | 91 |
| Why we spade and plow | 91 |
| Parts of a plow | 92 |
| Characteristics of a good plow | 95 |
| The furrow slice | 96 |
| How deep to plow | 96 |
| "Breaking out the middles" | 97 |
| Ridging the land | 98 |
| Time to plow | 98 |
| Bare fallow | 100 |
XII. | Harrowing and Rolling | 101 |
| Harrowing: | |
| Why we harrow | |
| Time to harrow | 101 |
| Types of harrows | 102 |
| Rolling | 106 |
XIII. | Leaves | 108 |
| Facts about leaves | 108 |
| The uses of leaves to plants: | |
| Transpiration | |
| Starch making | |
| Digestion of food | |
| Conditions necessary for leaf work | 109 |
| How the work of leaves is interfered with | 115 |
XIV. | Stems | 120 |
| What are stems for? | 120 |
| How the work of the stem may be interfered with | 126 |
XV. | Flowers | 128 |
| Function of flowers | 128 |
| Parts of flowers | 129 |
| Functions of the parts: | |
| Cross pollination | 130 |
| Value of a knowledge of the flowers | 134 |
| Fruit | 136 |