Читать книгу Chinese Brush Painting - Caroline Self - Страница 10

Getting

started

Collecting Your Materials

The picture below shows the basic materials you need for Chinese brush painting.

1. Table cover

2. Paint

3. Paint-mixing dishes

4. Paint-testing plate

5. Brush-washing containers

6. Water spoon

7. Brushes

8. Paper

9. Paper towel

10. Book holder

11. Book

12. Paper weights

13. Egg to train hand

14. Flat stone to train arm

1. Table Cover

Use a piece of white felt to cover the table and absorb paint that could come through the paper and stain the table. Or use an old cotton sheet folded into several layers. The cover must be white because dark colors will show through the paper and make it hard for you to see the different gray shades of paint.

2. Paint

To start with, use a small bottle of black poster paint (tempera paint). Traditional Chinese painters use ink because it flows better than paint and dries shiny. But ink will leave permanent stains on hands, tables, and floors. After you have learned to control the brush and water, you can try the traditional Chinese way of grinding an inkstick on an inkstone to make

a rich, black ink.

3. Paint-Mixing Dishes

Use four paint-mixing dishes and arrange them left to right in this order:

A small dish to hold a few drops of concentrated black poster paint

A large dish to hold a pale-to-medium mix

A large dish to hold a medium-to-dark mix

A large dish to hold a very dark mix

4. Paint-Testing Plate

A small white testing plate is useful to try out the color on the brush before making strokes or to mix other shades of gray. You could also use a folded paper towel to test the color, but a towel will soak up some of the water, which affects the stroke you are about to paint.

Tips for the Workspace

Allow at least 1 square yard (or meter) of table space so you can spread out the materials and have room to swing your arm and body when making brushstrokes.

Sit in a high chair, so that your hands and elbows are above the table.

When you are sitting, make sure you can look down at the work on the table and still have your feet flat on the floor and your body straight.

5. Brush-Washing Containers

You need the following containers for washing the brushes:

A container for washing dirty brushes

A container for rinsing dirty brushes

A container for clean water

When you wash your brushes, swish them against the side of the jar so the hairs can separate and the water can clean them. Do not thump the brush up and down in the bottom of the jar! This will make the hairs break off from the handle.

Paint, brushes, and paper can be purchased at your local art store or from artist supply companies on the Internet.

6. Water Spoon

Use a teaspoon to spoon water into a paint-mixing dish.

7. Brushes

Bamboo brushes are best, but regular watercolor brushes made with natural hair also work well. Natural hair has an uneven surface that holds the paint. Synthetic brushes are smoother and do not hold as much paint. You will need a large brush (#12 size watercolor brush) and a smaller one (#6 size). The bamboo brushes should be about those same sizes. For fine lines, it is useful to have a brush with only a few hairs, or you can use a round wooden toothpick instead.

8. Paper

You will do a lot of practice paintings. For these, use a package of newsprint either 9 x 12 or 10 x 15 inches. For your finished exercises, get a practice roll of rice paper 14 inches wide.

9. Paper Towel

Use a paper towel folded two times as a pad for testing paint colors and for getting rid of excess water after washing the brush. Towels are also handy for cleaning paint spills.

10. Book Holder

A book holder is convenient for keeping the lesson instructions in front of you as you paint. The holder should be large enough to hold the book firmly upright.

11. Book

Chinese painters work with screens in front of them. These face screens can be decorated and very beautiful, but that is not why they are used. Screens help artists focus on their paintings. For you, the book works like a screen. It keeps you from looking beyond the table at other things, so you can focus on your painting. According to Chinese thought, evil and distracting spirits travel in straight lines. When you place something in front of your face, such as a face screen or book, the spirits cannot distract you while you are working.

12. Paper Weights

When you cut sheets off a roll of rice paper, the edges tend to curl. Flat stone or metal weights help to keep the corners flat as you paint.

13. Egg to Train Hand

Holding an egg in your palm can train your hand and wrist to stay relaxed while you are holding the brush and keep your fingers from touching your palm. You can use a real egg, an artificial egg, or a crumpled piece of paper. Make sure that it fits the size of your palm.

14. Flat Stone to Train Arm

A flat stone is used to train your arm to stay level when your wrist is bent upward to make a stroke.

Folder for Paintings

You will make many practice papers as you learn to use the brush. You don’t have to keep all of them, but it’s a good idea to keep the best paper from each exercise you do in this book as a record of your progress. You can safely store the good papers that you want to keep in a folder. It can be as simple as a folded piece of tagboard or two pieces of cardboard taped together.

Getting Ready to Paint

Set the Table

Cover the table with the felt pad or the cotton table cover and place a piece of newsprint on it. Anchor three corners of the paper with weights.

If you are right-handed, set up the items on the table as shown in the picture on page 12. If you are left-handed, move the water and mixing dishes to the left.

Prepare the Paint and Water

In 600 A.D., art schools in China tested the artist’s ability to mix sixteen different shades of gray ranging from black to clear water. We will only be using about eight shades of gray. You make the gray shades by taking black paint and diluting it. Dilute means “add water.”

Each time you get ready to paint, you need to prepare fresh paint and water.

1. Fill the water containers half full of water.

2. Into the smallest dish, pour a small amount of black paint. This will be used for mixing different shades of gray paint.

3. Using the teaspoon, put two teaspoons of water into each of the remaining three mixing dishes.

4. In a large dish, make a dark mix matching shade

2. Dip the tip of the brush into the dish of black paint to pick up paint. Transfer the brush to the mixing dish and swish the paint around well in the water to dilute the paint evenly. Test the color on the testing plate or on the paper towel. If it is not as dark as shade 2, add more black and mix and test again. Repeat the process until the test color matches shade 2.

5. Make a medium mix for shade 4 in the second large dish using the same method. For this shade, you need less paint for the same amount of water. Test the color against the chart.

6. In the last dish, use the same method to make a medium light mix to match shade 6.

You can use the testing dish to test the brush color and to mix small amounts of diluted gray. Use the following method to dilute the medium light mix into a lighter mix:

1. Take a brush full of clean water.

2. Scrape the water into the empty dish.

3. Dip the tip of the brush into the medium light mix dish.

4. Mix the medium mix into the clear water to make a very pale shade.

Holding the Brush

Holding the brush in the Chinese style is important because it makes it easier to do the strokes.

1. Pick up the large brush with your thumb and your first finger.

2. Put your second finger next to your first on the brush. These two fingers are on the top of the brush.

3. Place your third finger under the brush and let your little finger sit next to it. This is position #1. This basic position of the brush allows you to paint in every direction.

Position # 1 is also called the “vertical position.” Vertical means that the brush is standing straight up. Most of the control of the brush comes from the second finger on top of the brush and the third finger beneath the brush.

The thumb and first finger mainly keep the brush from falling over. Hold the brush correctly and notice how the second finger tilts the brush back and the third finger pushes it forward. These two fingers work against each other to move the brush into different positions. To get used to this new style, hold the brush as directed and move your wrist around in a circle first one way and then the other. Bend your wrist upward and downward, holding the brush firmly between the second and third fingers. Keep your hand and wrist relaxed.

Exercise with an Egg

In China, children who are learning to use the brush hold a raw egg in their palm to keep the palm open and relaxed, so their hand does not get cramped. If they press too hard, the egg breaks and makes a mess, and they have to clean it up and start over.

1. Hold an egg in your palm as shown, or squeeze a large wad of paper tightly so it will fit in the palm of your hand.

2. Hold the brush correctly and move your wrist around in all directions, trying not to squeeze the egg.

3. In the basic position, you hold the brush in a vertical position with your wrist bent back and upward. Practice moving into this position ten times, until it feels comfortable.