Читать книгу Neurology - Charles H. Clarke - Страница 129

Elicit muscle twitches by gentle stroking each quadrant with an orange‐stick – not with a needle. Superficial abdominals are lost with pyramidal lesions and hard to elicit or absent in the obese. Preservation of upper superficial abdominal reflexes with absent lower abdominals can occur with a thoracic sensory level in cord compression (T10 = umbilicus).