Michigan Trees: A Handbook of the Native and Most Important Introduced Species

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Charles Herbert Otis. Michigan Trees: A Handbook of the Native and Most Important Introduced Species

Michigan Trees: A Handbook of the Native and Most Important Introduced Species

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

HOW TO STUDY THE TREES

ARTIFICIAL KEYS, HOW MADE AND USED

SUMMER KEY TO THE GENERA A

WINTER KEY TO THE GENERAB

MANUAL OF TREES

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. WITH. SUMMER AND WINTER KEYS. TO THE SPECIES. GINKGOACEAE

GINKGOACEAE. Ginkgo.C Maidenhair Tree. Ginkgo biloba L. [Salisburia adiantifolia Smith]

PINACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PINUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PINUS

PINACEAE. White Pine. Pinus strobus L

PINACEAE. Jack Pine. Scrub Pine. Pinus banksiana Lamb. [Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont de Cours.]

PINACEAE. Austrian Pine. Black Pine. Pinus laricio austriaca Endl. [Pinus austriaca Höss.]

PINACEAE. Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir. Pinus sylvestris L

PINACEAE. Red Pine. Norway Pine. Pinus resinosa Ait

PINACEAE. Tamarack. Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch [Larix americana Michx.]

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PICEA

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PICEA

PINACEAE. White Spruce. Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. [Picea alba Link]

PINACEAE. Black Spruce. Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. [Picea nigra Link]

PINACEAE. Norway Spruce. Picea abies (L.) Karst. [Picea excelsa Link]

PINACEAE. Balsam Fir. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill

PINACEAE. Hemlock. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr

PINACEAE. Arborvitae. White Cedar. Thuja occidentalis L

PINACEAE. Red Juniper. Red Cedar. Juniperus virginiana L

SALICACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SALIXD

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SALIX

SALICACEAE. Willow. Salix (Tourn.) L

SALICACEAE. Black Willow. Salix nigra Marsh

SALICACEAE. Almondleaf Willow. Salix amygdaloides Anders

SALICACEAE. Crack Willow. Brittle Willow. Salix fragilis L

SALICACEAE. Weeping Willow. Napoleon’s Willow. Salix babylonica L

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POPULUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POPULUS

SALICACEAE. White Poplar. Populus alba L

SALICACEAE. Aspen. Populus tremuloides Michx

SALICACEAE. Largetooth Aspen. Populus grandidentata Michx

SALICACEAE. Balm of Gilead. Balsam. Populus balsamifera L

SALICACEAE. Hairy Balm of Gilead. Balsam. Populus candicans Ait. [Populus balsamifera candicans (Ait.) Gray]

SALICACEAE. Cottonwood. Populus deltoides Marsh. [Populus monilifera Ait.]

SALICACEAE. Lombardy Poplar. Populus nigra italica DuRoi [Populus fastigiata Desf.] [Populus dilatata Ait.]

JUGLANDACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF JUGLANS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF JUGLANS

JUGLANDACEAE. Butternut. Juglans cinerea L

JUGLANDACEAE. Black Walnut. Juglans nigra L

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CARYA

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CARYA

JUGLANDACEAE. Shagbark Hickory. Shellbark Hickory. Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch [Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britt.] [Carya alba Nutt.]

JUGLANDACEAE. Shellbark Hickory. King Nut. Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud. [Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg.] [Carya sulcata Nutt.]

JUGLANDACEAE. Mocker Nut Hickory. Carya alba (L.) K. Koch [Hicoria alba (L.) Britt.] [Carya tomentosa Nutt.]

JUGLANDACEAE. Small Pignut Hickory. Carya microcarpa Nutt. [Hicoria odorata (Marsh.) Sarg.] [Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britt.] [Hicoria glabra, v. odorata Sarg.]

JUGLANDACEAE. Pignut Hickory. Carya glabra (Mill.) Spach. [Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britt.] [Carya porcina Nutt.]

JUGLANDACEAE. Bitternut Hickory. Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch [Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britt.] [Carya amara Nutt.]

BETULACEAE

BETULACEAE. Hornbeam. Ironwood. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch

BETULACEAE. Blue Beech. Water Beech. Carpinus caroliniana Walt

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BETULA

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BETULA

BETULACEAE. Sweet Birch. Black Birch. Cherry Birch. Betula lenta L.F

BETULACEAE. Yellow Birch. Gray Birch. Betula lutea Michx. f

BETULACEAE. Paper Birch. Canoe Birch. White Birch. Betula alba papyrifera (Marsh.) Spach. [Betula papyrifera Marsh.]

FAGACEAE

FAGACEAE. Beech. White Beech. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. [Fagus atropunicea (Marsh.) Sudw.] [Fagus ferruginea Ait.] [Fagus americana Sweet]

FAGACEAE. Chestnut. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. [Castanea vesca, v. americana Michx.] [Castanea sativa, v. americana Sarg.]

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF QUERCUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF QUERCUS

FAGACEAE. White Oak. Quercus alba L

FAGACEAE. Bur Oak. Quercus macrocarpa Michx

FAGACEAE. Swamp White Oak. Swamp Oak. Quercus bicolor Willd. [Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw.]

FAGACEAE. Chinquapin Oak. Chestnut Oak. Yellow Oak. Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. [Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Houba]

FAGACEAE. Red Oak. Quercus rubra L

FAGACEAE. Pin Oak. Quercus palustris Muench

FAGACEAE. Scarlet Oak. Quercus coccinea Muench

FAGACEAE. Hill’s Oak. Northern Pin Oak. Black Oak. Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill

FAGACEAE. Yellow Oak. Black Oak. Quercus velutina Lam

FAGACEAE. Black Jack. Quercus marilandica Muench

FAGACEAE. Shingle Oak. Quercus imbricaria Michx

URTICACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ULMUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ULMUS

URTICACEAE. Slippery Elm. Red Elm. Ulmus fulva Michx. [Ulmus pubescens Walt.]

URTICACEAE. White Elm. American Elm. Water Elm. Ulmus americana L

URTICACEAE. Cork Elm. Rock Elm. Ulmus racemosa Thomas [Ulmus Thomasi Sarg.]

URTICACEAE. Hackberry. Nettle-tree. Celtis occidentalis L

URTICACEAE. Osage Orange. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider [Toxylon pomiferum Raf.] [Maclura aurantiaca Nutt.]

URTICACEAE. Red Mulberry. Morus rubra L

MAGNOLIACEAE

MAGNOLIACEAE. Tulip Poplar. Tulip-tree. White-wood. Liriodendron tulipifera L

LAURACEAE

LAURACEAE. Sassafras. Sassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Ktse. [Sassafras sassafras (L.) Karst.] [Sassafras officinale Nees & Eberm.]

PLATANACEAE

PLATANACEAE. Sycamore. Button-wood. Buttonball-tree. Platanus occidentalis L

ROSACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PYRUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PYRUS

ROSACEAE. Sweet Crab. American Crab. Pyrus coronaria L. [Malus coronaria Mill.]

ROSACEAE. Mountain Ash. Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC. [Sorbus americana Marsh.]

ROSACEAE. Serviceberry. Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic

ROSACEAE. The Haws, Thorns, Hawthorns or Thorn-apples. Crataegus L

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PRUNUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PRUNUS

ROSACEAE. Black Cherry. Prunus serotina Ehrh. [Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Agardh.]

ROSACEAE. Choke Cherry. Prunus virginiana L. [Padus virginiana (L.) Roemer]

ROSACEAE. Wild Red Cherry. Pin Cherry. Prunus pennsylvanica L. f

ROSACEAE. Canada Plum. Red Plum. Prunus nigra Ait. [Prunus americana, v. nigra Waugh]

LEGUMINOSAE

LEGUMINOSAE. Coffeetree. Kentucky Coffeetree. Gymnocladus dioica (L.) Koch [Gymnocladus canadensis Lam.]

LEGUMINOSAE. Honey Locust. Three-thorned Acacia. Gleditsia triacanthos L

LEGUMINOSAE. Redbud. Judas-tree. Cercis canadensis L

LEGUMINOSAE. Locust. Black Locust. Robinia pseudo-acacia L

SIMARUBACEAE

SIMARUBACEAE. Ailanthus. Tree of Heaven. Ailanthus glandulosa Desf

ACERACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACER

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACER

ACERACEAE. Striped Maple.Moosewood.Whistlewood. Acer pennsylvanicum L

ACERACEAE. Mountain Maple. Acer spicatum Lam

ACERACEAE. Sugar Maple.Hard Maple.Rock Maple. Acer saccharum Marsh. [Acer saccharinum Wang.]

ACERACEAE. Black Maple.Black Sugar Maple. Acer saccharum nigrum (Michx. f.) Britt. [Acer nigrum Michx.]

ACERACEAE. Silver Maple.Soft Maple. Acer saccharinum L. [Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.]

ACERACEAE. Red Maple.Soft Maple. Acer rubrum L

ACERACEAE. Norway Maple. Acer platanoides L

ACERACEAE. Sycamore Maple. Acer pseudo-platanus L

ACERACEAE. Boxelder.Ash-leaved Maple. Acer negundo L. [Negundo aceroides Muench.]

SAPINDACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AESCULUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AESCULUS

SAPINDACEAE. Horse-chestnut. Aesculus hippocastanum L

SAPINDACEAE. Ohio Buckeye. Aesculus glabra Willd

TILIACEAE

TILIACEAE. Basswood. Tilia americana L

CORNACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CORNUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CORNUS

CORNACEAE. Flowering Dogwood. Dogwood. Boxwood. Cornus florida L

CORNACEAE. Blue Dogwood. Alternate-leaved Dogwood. Cornus alternifolia L. f

CORNACEAE. Black Gum. Pepperidge. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. [Nyssa multiflora Wang.]

OLEACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF FRAXINUS

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF FRAXINUS

OLEACEAE. White Ash. Fraxinus americana L

OLEACEAE. Red Ash. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. [Fraxinus pubescens Lam.]

OLEACEAE. Green Ash. Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. [Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh.] [Fraxinus viridis Michx. f.]

OLEACEAE. Blue Ash. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx

OLEACEAE. Black Ash. Fraxinus nigra Marsh. [Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam.]

BIGNONIACEAE

SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CATALPA

WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CATALPA

BIGNONIACEAE. Hardy Catalpa. Catalpa speciosa Warder

BIGNONIACEAE. Catalpa. Catalpa bignonioides Walt. [Catalpa catalpa (L.) Karst.]

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Sheepberry. Nannyberry. Viburnum lentago L

Footnote

GLOSSARY

With page references to explanatory figures

INDEX TO THE ARTIFICIAL KEYS

INDEX TO THE TREES

Отрывок из книги

Charles Herbert Otis

Published by Good Press, 2021

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FLOWERS.—Every tree when old enough bears flowers in its proper season. Some of these, as the Catalpas, Locusts and Horse-chestnuts are very showy, others, like the Oaks and Hickories, are comparatively inconspicuous; some are brilliantly colored, others are of the same color as the leaves. Nevertheless, the flowers are very accurate means of classification, and their only drawback is that they last for such a short period of time each year.

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