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Preface

This is the sixth volume of the chronological edition of the writings of Charles S. Peirce, started in 1975 under the leadership of Max H. Fisch and Edward C. Moore and expected to run to thirty volumes. The edition is selective but comprehensive and includes all writings, on any subject, believed to shed significant light on the development of Peirce’s thought. The selections are edited according to the guidelines of the Modern Language Association’s Committee on Scholarly Editions, and Volume 6 has been awarded the Committee’s seal as an approved edition.

During the six years since Volume 5 appeared, the Peirce Edition Project has been reorganized and its production methods revamped to more fully integrate computing technology at all stages of operation and to put a system in place that can better support parallel volume editing. The integrity and continuity of the edition has remained a principal concern, but there have been a few changes in policy and practice that should be noted. These changes concern (1) the manuscript base that supports the edition, (2) the expected publication order of forthcoming volumes, and (3) the internal organization and style of the volumes.

1. The Peirce Edition Project will no longer attempt to definitively reorganize all of Peirce’s manuscripts and to assign new chronologically-determined manuscript numbers. That effort, which involved only a virtual reorganization as the manuscript originals are not physically located in Indianapolis, was found to be unnecessarily time-consuming because it required the thorough study and reorganization of all Peirce’s manuscripts, including many that were not candidates for publication. For the purposes of the chronological edition, a less definitive rearrangement of manuscripts is satisfactory, one that integrates every manuscript within a unified chronology of all of Peirce’s writings, but which accepts in many cases the manuscript arrangements of the holding archives. The chronological catalogs beginning with this volume will number Peirce’s writings in their order of composition year by year, after the style of the Burks catalog in Volume 8 of the Collected Papers, and manuscripts will be identified by their Robin numbers (for Harvard’s Houghton Library collection) or by standard archive identifiers (for other collections). Future volumes will continue to be chronological, with their published texts generally identified by selection number and title rather than by a newly assigned manuscript number. (See the introduction to the Chronological Catalog, pp. 512–14, for further discussion.)

2. Plans for forthcoming volumes are now being reconsidered and some revisions have already been made. For example, some advance work has been assigned on the manuscripts for Peirce’s 1901–02 “Minute Logic” and 1903 “Lowell Lectures” and it is possible that the volumes containing those writings will be published out of sequence. Other volumes that will contain single works or unified series of lectures are candidates for out-of-sequence publication, as are Peirce’s definitions for the Century Dictionary and Baldwin’s Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology. Although some of Peirce’s early work on definitions for the Century Dictionary was published in Volume 5, the editors have decided against further piecemeal publication of that work. Volume 7 will be devoted exclusively to a selection from Peirce’s thousands of contributions to the Century, and will include some of his contributions to the two-volume Century Supplement of 1909. Although this will require a slight departure from the strict chronological arrangement of texts that has characterized the Indiana edition, the editors believe it will prove to be the most useful and effective presentation of Peirce’s definitions. This special volume fits best into the general chronology following Volume 6 which runs to the middle of 1890, about half-way through the three-year period during which the Century first appeared in print and Peirce devoted more time to his dictionary work than to anything else. Volume 7 will appear out of sequence, the next volume scheduled for publication being Volume 8 which will include writings for the years 1890–92.

3. A few changes to layout and format will be obvious on comparison of Volume 6 with earlier volumes. The selection headers have been redesigned and list the date of composition or publication and the location of copy-text manuscript or place of publication. Further information about text sources is recorded in the Textual Apparatus. The Chronology at the front of the volume has been slightly expanded for the period covered by Volume 6 (a practice that will be continued for future volumes). The Annotations have been slightly expanded from the corresponding Notes of earlier volumes, and include more quotations from unpublished manuscript material of the period. Some supplementary annotations will be published in the Electronic Companion for Volume 6 (www.iupui.edu/~peirce), which will be updated and expanded in the coming years. The Chronological Catalog (pp. 512–30), mentioned above, has been reconceived and includes more information about writings not selected for publication than was included in the Chronological Lists of earlier volumes. Discussions of editorial methods and practices, symbol use, and textual theory that were included in Prefaces to earlier volumes, have been moved to appropriate sections in the back matter, in particular to the Editorial Symbols section and the Essay on Editorial Theory and Method. In making these and other changes, the editors have been attentive to the need for continuity with the earlier volumes of the edition and hope that readers will find the transition to be smooth and the changes helpful.

We wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to our host institution, Indiana University, for stewarding the Peirce Edition Project’s core staff resources through a time of fiscal austerity at both the university and the national level, and for providing increasing support through the late 1990s as the Project won new federal and private-sector grant commitments. We are grateful to the National Endowment for the Humanities for funding from pre-1993 grants that was used during the earliest stages of volume preparation, and for a renewed commitment beginning in 1997 that in part supported final volume preparation. Significant private-sector support came from the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation and from the Prince Charitable Trusts. We are most grateful to these organizations and to the late Helen Peirce Prince, Peirce’s grandniece, who was an enthusiastic supporter of the edition. We are grateful to the Charles S. Peirce Society and the Philosophy Documentation Center for financial support and for encouragement. We are especially grateful to the many individuals who have demonstrated their support by making private contributions.

Acknowledgment is due as well to the Harvard University Department of Philosophy for permission to use the original manuscripts, and to the officers of the Houghton Library, especially Manuscripts Curator Leslie Morris, for their cooperation regarding the Charles S. Peirce Papers. Access to Peirce’s government papers and correspondence was provided by the National Archives and by the National Ocean Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency’s successor to the old Coast Survey of Peirce’s time. Special thanks go to individual staff members of these institutions and to the many scholars and archivists who have provided important research support, including Melanie Wisner of the Harvard Houghton Library; to Webb Dordick for his research assistance in the Harvard Libraries; to Marjorie Ciarlante of the National Archives, and Grace Sollers and Sharon Tomlinson of NOAA’s Geodesy Library; to graduate assistants Jeffrey DiLeo, Adam Kovach, and Jack Musselman, of the Department of Philosophy, Indiana University (Bloomington), all now pursuing postdoctoral careers; to on-site graduate research assistants Ginger Johnson, Brian C. McDonald, and David Beck, of the Department of English at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; to Joshua Garrison, editorial assistant; to on-site undergraduate intern Brandy Yaeger; to Gerald McCollam of New York University for his work at Milford and at the New York Public Library; to Richard Tursman (York University, Ontario) for his indispensable assistance in editing Peirce’s scientific papers; to Vania Goodwin, University Library, IUPUI; to Pier Bierbach (Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg), Janice Deledalle-Rhodes (Montbazin, France), Alan Gauld (University of Nottingham, UK), Don Hebert (East Texas Baptist University), Ron Knott (most recently a Visiting Fellow, University of Surrey, UK), Eric Luijten (Thomas Instituut Utrecht), Kelly Parker (Grand Valley State University), Volker Peckhaus (Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), David Pfeifer (Principia College), Stephen Pollard (Truman State University), Bruce Thompson (Erie County Library System, Erie, PA), and José Vericat (University of Madrid), for their expert assistance at several points.

We are also indebted to Stephen Schmidt and the Interlibrary Loan department of IUPUI and to the Texas Tech University Institute for Studies in Pragmaticism for permission to use duplicates of its annotated photocopy of the Harvard Peirce Papers. Members of the Charles S. Peirce Society, as well as the editors of the Society’s Transactions, have been a constant source of support and scholarly information. Our thanks also go to Darryl Rehr, journalist and editor of ETCetera, the journal of the Early Typewriter Collectors Association, for his detailed information on the typewriter models used by Peirce during the 1880s. Professor Peter Weil of the University of Delaware kindly provided rare original documentation for the Hammond type shuttles which Peirce used on his Hammond typewriters throughout the period covered by this volume. Robert Hirst, General Editor of the Mark Twain Project (University of California, Berkeley), has provided expert advice both as a fellow editor and as a member of the Peirce Project’s Advisory Board. We are grateful to him for coordinating the Modern Language Association’s Committee on Scholarly Editions during the CSE inspection process, and to Larry Hickman, General Editor of the Dewey Edition (Southern Illinois University), for conducting the MLA inspection on behalf of the CSE.

We are also grateful to the contributing editors listed on the series page of this volume for the specialized scholarship they brought to bear on many of the selections. Special thanks go to our copy editor and production manager Aleta Houser, who saw a number of selections through the first stage of review by contributing editors, and to former staff members Kyle Barnett and Beth Eccles, who provided administrative and development support for the edition. The executive support of Tracie Peterson has been essential at every stage of production. Throughout the period of volume preparation, we were fortunate to have the expert counsel of Arthur Burks of the University of Michigan and Don Cook of Indiana University, Bloomington, who continue to serve as advisory editors for the Peirce Project, and Don Roberts of the University of Waterloo (Ontario), who has provided outstanding support as Advisory Board Chair for the last five years. We are grateful as well for the memory of Max H. Fisch, who devoted a half century to Peirce research and, after his retirement, fifteen years to the Peirce Project. His work and inspiration will live on through the donation of his books and papers to Indiana University.

Special acknowledgment is due to Christian J. W. Kloesel, former Director and Editor of the Peirce Edition Project. Work on Volume 6 began under his direction and the present Project organization and methods evolved from the structures he left in place when he completed his tenure in 1993.

A final note of thanks goes to four administrative officials of Indiana University: President Myles Brand, Chancellor and Vice President Gerald L. Bepko, Executive Vice Chancellor and Dean of the Faculties William M. Plater, and Dean Herman Saatkamp of the School of Liberal Arts. Dean Emeritus John D. Barlow, who led the School of Liberal Arts through eleven crucial years in the development of the Peirce Project, provided institutional and personal support throughout his tenure. We are fortunate to have the same high level of commitment from Dean Saatkamp, a scholarly editor in his own right and long-time General Editor of the Works of George Santayana. As both an administrator and a colleague, he has already helped the Peirce Project plan for the challenges of the twenty-first century.