Читать книгу Readings in Money and Banking - Chester Arthur Phillips - Страница 2
На сайте Литреса книга снята с продажи.
Table of Contents
ОглавлениеPREFACE
READINGS IN MONEY AND BANKING
CHAPTER I
THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
CHAPTER II
THE EARLY HISTORY OF MONEY
Currency in the Hunting State
Currency in the Pastoral State
Articles of Ornament as Currency
Currency in the Agricultural State
Manufactured and Miscellaneous Articles as Currency
The Invention of Coining
CHAPTER III
QUALITIES OF THE MATERIAL OF MONEY
1. Utility and Value
2. Portability
3. Indestructibility
4. Homogeneity
5. Divisibility
6. Stability of Value
7. Cognisability
CHAPTER IV
LEGAL TENDER [5]
CHAPTER V
THE GREENBACKS
The Greenback Issues
The Fluctuating Premium on Gold
The Effects of Greenbacks upon Wages
Rent
Interest and Loan Capital
Profits
The Production and Consumption of Wealth
The Greenbacks and the Cost of the Civil War
Contraction and Inflation of the Legal Tenders [9]
Passage of the Resumption Act [10]
The Struggle for Resumption [11]
Arrangements for Resumption [12]
Should the Greenbacks Be Retired?
The Confederate Currency [14]
CHAPTER VI
INTERNATIONAL BIMETALLISM
CHAPTER VII
THE SILVER QUESTION IN THE UNITED STATES
Agitation for Silver and the Passage of the Bland Bill
Provisions of the Act of 1878
Causes of the Act
Wherein Peculiar
Limited Circulation of the Silver Dollars
Provisions of the Act of 1890
The Argument for Silver
The Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and the Financial and Economic Consequences of Silver Legislation
CHAPTER VIII
INDEX NUMBERS
CHAPTER IX
BANKING OPERATIONS AND ACCOUNTS
Statement of A Representative National Bank
The Relation Between Loans and Deposits
Relation Between Reserves and Demand Liabilities Again
CHAPTER X
THE USE OF CREDIT INSTRUMENTS IN PAYMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER XI
A SYMPOSIUM ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MONEY AND GENERAL PRICES
Indirect Influences on Purchasing Power [52]
[ Summary ]
The Testimony of Ricardo
CHAPTER XII
THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD
Objections To The Gold-Exchange Standard For The Straits Settlements Answered
CHAPTER XIII
A PLAN FOR A COMPENSATED DOLLAR
CHAPTER XIV
MONETARY SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
England [89]
Canada
British Colonies
Latin Union
France
Belgium
Italy
Switzerland
Greece
Spain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Portugal
Netherlands
Sweden—Norway—Denmark (Scandinavian Union)
Russia
Japan
China
Philippines
Argentina
Brazil
Chili
CHAPTER XV
THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF TRUST COMPANIES
The Advantages of a Trust Company as Trustee
Banking
Corporate Trusts
Individual Trusts
Other Functions
Care of Securities and Valuables
Insurance
Compensation
Government Regulation
CHAPTER XVI
SAVINGS BANKS
Classification of Savings Banks
Trustee Savings Banks
Stock Savings Banks
Guaranty Savings Banks
Municipal Savings Banks
People's Banks
The Localization of Savings Banks in the United States
Postal Savings Banks
American Postal Savings Banks
" Postal Savings Behind the Scenes "
CHAPTER XVII
DOMESTIC EXCHANGE
Exchange Relations Between Chicago and New York
Exchange Relations Between St. Louis and New York
Domestic Exchange in San Francisco on New York City
Currency Movements Between New England and the Eastern States
The Domestic Exchanges During the Crisis of 1907 [102]
CHAPTER XVIII
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
The Nature of Foreign Exchange
"Favourable" and "Unfavourable" Exchanges
The Origin and Supply of Foreign Exchange
The Sources of the Demand for Foreign Exchange [106]
Methods of Financing Imports and Exports [107]
Credit Risks of Drafts Drawn on Buyers Abroad
England Draws Few Bills, But Accepts Many—The Reason and the Result
The Recent Rise of the American Acceptance Market
The Economies and Advantages of "Dollar Credits" [113]
The New York Foreign Exchange Market [114]
New York City Practically Absorbs by Purchase All American Foreign Exchange
How Money Is Made in Foreign Exchange—The Operations of the Foreign Department
Gold Movements
The Silver Exchanges
CHAPTER XIX
CLEARING HOUSES
I. In the United States
II. Clearing Houses in England
CHAPTER XX
STATE BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES SINCE THE PASSAGE OF THE NATIONAL BANK ACT
The Evolution of the Trust Company
Incorporation
Capital and Surplus Requirements
Liability of Stockholders
Restrictions on Loans and Discounts
Reserves
Branch Banks
Further Reason for the Lack of Branch Banks in the United States
The New York State Bank Act of 1914 [145]
CHAPTER XXI
THE CANADIAN BANKING SYSTEM
The System Not New
Other Financial Institutions
The Essentials of the System
Deposits
No Bankers' Bank
Amount of the Reserve Fixed by Each Bank
Competition Is Not Lacking
Banking in Different Provinces
Large Use of Deposit Currency
Banks Silent Partners in Industry
A Customer's Line of Credit
Loans to Farmers
Call Loans in Canada and Elsewhere
The Banks as Financial Institutions
The Revision of the Bank Act, 1913 [148]
Comparative Figures of Condition of Canadian Banks [149]
CHAPTER XXII
THE ENGLISH BANKING SYSTEM
Foundation and Growth of the Bank of England
Peel's Act or the Bank Charter Act of 1844, and its Suspensions
Account of the Liabilities and Assets of the Bank of England
The Functions of the Bank of England
The Joint-Stock Banks
The Private Banks
The Merchant Bankers and Accepting Houses
The Discount Houses
Interview with the Governor and Directors of the Bank of England
Interview with Sir Felix Schuster, Governor of the Union of London and Smith's Bank Limited
Interview with Mr. Charles Gow, General Manager of the London Joint Stock Bank, Limited
CHAPTER XXIII
THE SCOTCH BANKS
Democracy of Scotch Banking
Use of Notes as "Till Money" in Relation to the Establishment of Branches
Evasion of Peel's Act
Defects
Bank of Scotland
Royal Bank of Scotland
Commercial Bank of Scotland (Limited)
Union Bank of Scotland (Limited)
CHAPTER XXIV
THE FRENCH BANKING SYSTEM
The Bank of France
Place of the Bank of France in the Distribution of Credit
Territorial Expansion of the Bank of France
The Bank of France and Agricultural Credit
The Bank of France
The Crédit Lyonnais
Comptoir d'Escompte
Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas
Crédit Foncier de France
Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations
Crédit Agricole
CHAPTER XXV
THE GERMAN BANKING SYSTEM
Banking Arrangements in Germany
General Sketch of Bank and Credit Organisation in Germany
Interview with Herr Kleemann, Director of the Dresdner Bank
The Reichsbank
Königliche Seehandlung
(Royal Sea-Trade Society)
Deutsche Bank
Dresdner Bank
Bank des Berliner Kassen-Vereins
CHAPTER XXVI
BANKING IN SOUTH AMERICA
Our Growing Surplus for Foreign Investment
Greater Lending Power of Banks
European War
English Banks in South America
German Banks in South America
Other Banking Institutions
Conditions of Commercial Banking
CHAPTER XXVII
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN THE UNITED STATES
Agricultural Credit Conditions in the United States
Value of Farm Implements and Machinery in the U. S. [206]
Farm Credit in a Northwestern State [225]
Cattle Loan Banks [226]
CHAPTER XXVIII
THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTROL OF MONEY AND CREDIT
Have We a Money Trust?
The Borrower and the Money Trust
The Banks and Railway Finance
CHAPTER XXIX
CRISES
The Nature of an Economic Crisis
The Crisis of 1907 in the Light of History
Current Theories of Crises
Mitchell's Theory of Business Cycles
Moore's "Rainfall" Theory
Stringent Money and Financial Panics [247]
How Banks Should Handle Panics
CHAPTER XXX
THE WEAKNESSES OF OUR BANKING SYSTEM PRIOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
Conflicting Opinions
Inflexibility of Ledger Balances
The Parcellation of Reserves
Redeposited or Overlapping Reserves
The Perverse Elasticity of National Bank Notes
National Bank Notes Unsound and Unsafe
Speculation Involved in the Issue of Notes
The Lack of Adjustment Between Bank Notes and Deposits
The Commercial Paper Situation in the United States
No System of Bank Acceptances and the Absence of an Open Discount Market
Cash Stock Exchange Dealings
No Power to Lend on Real Estate [278]
The Independent Treasury as a Source of Weakness in Our Banking System [280]
Lack of Central Control
Absence of Regulation of Ratio of Deposits to Capital and Surplus
Banking Abuses
CHAPTER XXXI
THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
The Federal Reserve Act [287]
The Federal Reserve Act—an Experiment
The Federal Reserve Act and Democracy in Banking
The Elasticity of Note Issue Under the New Currency Law [299]
Notes Printed and Issued
Impounding Gold
The Financial Policy of the Federal Reserve Banks [302]
Relations of Federal Reserve Banks with Member Banks [303]
Federal Reserve Banks and the Acceptance Market
Clearings and Collections in Practice
Branches and Agencies
Proposed Amendments to Federal Reserve Act [311]
CHAPTER XXXII
THE EARLY EVENTS OF THE EUROPEAN WAR IN RELATION TO MONEY BANKING AND FINANCE
American Finance and the European War
National Bank Failures and Suspensions—1914 Compared with 1893 and 1907 [317]
The Effects of the War with Special Reference to the Central Banks of France, Germany, and England
Darlehnskassen and Other Financial Novelties in Germany
The War and the World's Financial Centre
America's Chance of Holding World Purse-Strings [323]
APPENDIX A
AN APPROXIMATE FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE VELOCITY OF THE CIRCULATION OF MONEY
APPENDIX B
SOME REGULATIONS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
I
II
III
IV
V
CLEARINGS BETWEEN FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
