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1935

1935 Probably early this year, Tolkien is invited to give the 1936 Sir Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture to the British Academy, on a subject of his choice. – Priscilla Tolkien begins to attend Rye St Antony, a small private school for girls run by two lay Catholic women.

20 January 1935 Hilary Full Term begins. Tolkien’s scheduled lectures for this term are: Elene (concluded) and the Old English Exodus on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11.00 a.m. in the Examination Schools, beginning 22 January; Grammar of the Vespasian Psalter Glosses on Tuesdays at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools, beginning 22 January; The Principal Problems of Old English Phonology on Thursdays at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools, beginning 24 January. He will continue to supervise B.Litt. student M.E. Griffiths.

23 January 1935 At a dinner of The Society its Secretary, R.W. Chapman, is instructed to write to Tolkien offering membership. By 28 January Tolkien will happily accept.

25 January 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

31 January 1935 Tolkien chairs an English Faculty Library Committee meeting at 2.15 p.m. in the Library.

8 February 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Board meeting. The report of the committee (including Tolkien) appointed to draft regulations for English Literature in Pass Moderations is presented. The Applications Committee has appointed Tolkien and C.T. Onions examiners of the B.Litt. thesis of E.V. Williams of Jesus College, The Phonology and Accidence of the [Old English] Glosses in MS Cotton Vespasian A.1 (Vespasian Psalter).

27 February 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

13 March 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting. – The Early English Text Society Committee agrees to print the French text of the Ancrene Riwle line by line, while the other manuscripts of that work (including the Cambridge manuscript, Ancrene Wisse) are to be set up in EETS editions with their own paragraph divisions, with modernized capitals and punctuation (but see entry for 11 December 1935), and with the page numbers of Morton’s edition (1853) included in the margin. The EETS editions to be published include the Cambridge manuscript ‘from the loan of Dr Tolkien’s transcript’ (Early English Text Society archive).

15 March 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Board meeting.

16 March 1935 Hilary Full Term ends. – Germany formally denounces the terms of the Treaty of Versailles restricting the size and armed strength of the Germany army, and at once begins to build its forces.

28 April 1935 Trinity Full Term begins. Tolkien’s scheduled lectures for this term are: Introduction to the Poetic Edda on Thursdays at 11.00 a.m. in the Examination Schools, beginning 2 May; ‘Grimm’s Law’ on Thursdays at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools, beginning 2 May; and Introduction to Old English Verse (for those beginning the Honours Course) on Fridays at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools, beginning 30 April. He will continue to supervise B.Litt. student M.E. Griffiths.

1 May 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting. – In the evening, Tolkien attends a dinner of The Society hosted by John Sparrow at All Souls College, Oxford. Sparrow gives an account of the election of the Rector of Lincoln in 1851. The sixteen members present decide to alter the customary day of their dinners from Wednesday to Friday, despite a last-minute protest by Tolkien (who nevertheless attends the next meeting, on Friday, 18 October).

6 May 1935 George V celebrates his Silver Jubilee. The Vice-Chancellor, Proctors, and graduates of the University assemble in academic garb in the Divinity School, and at 9.40 a.m. walk in procession to a special service in the Cathedral at 10.00 a.m. There is a celebration dinner at Pembroke College in the evening.

11 May 1935 The Tablet for this date reports that Tolkien, together with R.G. Laffan, Tutor of Queen’s College, Cambridge, have been appointed members of the Universities’ Catholic Education Board, replacing the late Abbot Butler and the late Professor Bullough.

15 May 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

17 May 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Board meeting. The Applications Committee has appointed Tolkien and C.L. Wrenn examiners of the B.Litt. thesis of A.M. Morton of St Hugh’s College, William Morris’s Treatment of His Icelandic Sources.

11 June 1935 Father Francis Morgan dies. Tolkien receives formal notification from the Birmingham Oratory. See note. – Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

13 June 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Library Committee meeting at 2.15 p.m. in the Library. – English Final Honour School Examinations begin.

14 June 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

21 June 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Board meeting, a Pembroke College meeting, and possibly a meeting of the Committee for Comparative Philology (at 5.15 p.m. in the Delegates Room of the Clarendon Building).

22 June 1935 Trinity Full Term ends.

26 June 1935 Encaenia.

9 August 1935 Tolkien writes to R.W. Chambers. The latter having sent a copy of his biography of Sir Thomas More – in fact, two copies by mistake – and evidently a letter as well, Tolkien belatedly expresses gratitude. Despite the press of examinations at the end of term, he has been able to read Thomas More twice, and finds it ‘overwhelmingly moving: one of the great sagas, those rarely felicitous events produced by the meeting of the great subject and the uniquely fitted author’. Since his son John has the work available to him at school, Tolkien has given the spare copy to Simonne d’Ardenne, ‘a Catholic in origin’. He wonders how Chambers knows ‘that I was this year foisted upon the University Education council…. Not that I am likely to be of any use. I meet other more able and more apostolic men. But I never can make head or tail of “public business” even of a minor sort’ (quoted in Caroline Chabot, ‘Raymond Wilson Chambers (1874–1942)’, Moreana 24, no. 94 (June 1987), pp. 85–6).

Beginning of September 1935 The Tolkien family take a two-week holiday at Sidmouth. They stay again at ‘Aurora’.

15 September 1935 In Nazi Germany the Nürnberg Laws deprive Jews of rights of citizenship. Intermarriage of Jews and non-Jews is forbidden.

17 September 1935 Tolkien and C.L. Wrenn examine A.M. Morton of St Hugh’s College viva voce on her B.Litt. thesis, William Morris’s Treatment of His Icelandic Sources, at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools. Tolkien writes out their undated report.

27 September 1935 Oxford University Press sends Simonne d’Ardenne, and possibly Tolkien, proofs of An Edition of the Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene. To obtain a degree from the University of Liège, d’Ardenne has to present her B.Litt. thesis as a published work.

3 October 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia.

13 October 1935 Michaelmas Full Term begins. Tolkien’s scheduled lectures for this term are: Beowulf: Text on Tuesdays at 11.00 a.m. in the Examination Schools, beginning 15 October; Finn and Hengest on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 12.00 noon in the Examination Schools, beginning 15 October; and Old English Texts (Paper B2) on Thursdays at 11.00 a.m. in the Examination Schools, beginning 17 October. He will continue to supervise B.Litt. student M.E. Griffiths.

17 October 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

18 October 1935 In the evening, Tolkien attends a dinner of The Society hosted by R.W. Chapman at Oriel College, Oxford. Fifteen members are present. Chapman speaks about Oxford and Cambridge.

Autumn 1935 *A.H. Smith, on behalf of the Early English Text Society, invites Tolkien to prepare an edition of the Cambridge manuscript of the Ancrene Riwle (MS CCCC 402). Tolkien indicates that he is interested, but will have to rely on the assistance of Elaine Griffiths. He is given until the end of the year to reply formally.

24 October 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Library Committee meeting at 2.15 p.m. in the Library.

1 November 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

28 November 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Library Committee meeting at 2.15 p.m. in the Library.

29 November 1935 Tolkien and C.T. Onions examine E.V. Williams of Jesus College viva voce on his B.Litt. thesis, The Phonology and Accidence of the O.E. Glosses in MS Cotton Vespasian A.1 (Vespasian Psalter), at 2.30 p.m. in the Examination Schools.

30 November 1935 Tolkien and Onions sign their report (written by Tolkien) on the examination of E.V. Williams.

4 December 1935 Tolkien attends a Pembroke College meeting.

6 December 1935 Tolkien attends an English Faculty Board meeting. – He possibly attends a meeting of the Council for Comparative Philology at 5.15 p.m. in the Delegates Room of the Clarendon Building.

7 December 1935 Michaelmas Full Term ends.

11 December 1935 The Early English Text Society Committee decides that all except the Latin texts of the Ancrene Riwle are to be printed in EETS editions with the capitals and punctuation of the original.

Christmas 1935 Tolkien, as ‘Father Christmas’, writes a four-page letter to ‘My dear children’ (Christopher and Priscilla), dated 24 December. He comments on the cold weather, on the difficulty of the North Polar Bear in returning home from a visit to the Polar Cubs, and on giving his elves magic sparkler spears to frighten the goblins if they should reappear. He sends love to all the children and to Priscilla’s bears, and hopes that they will enjoy the pantomime they are going to see. The letter is interspersed with small illustrations. – Tolkien spends almost the whole of the Christmas vacation until 4 January, except Christmas Day itself, putting into shape the proofs of Seinte Iuliene on behalf of Simonne d’Ardenne, working against a deadline as the work must be printed by a fixed date.

Late December 1935 Mabel Day, Secretary of the Early English Text Society, writes to Tolkien, asking him to confirm his interest in preparing an edition of the Ancrene Riwle (Ancrene Wisse).