Читать книгу Queen Victoria: A Personal History - Christopher Hibbert - Страница 25

‘I am only the husband, and not the master of the house.’

THE QUEEN AWOKE on Monday, 10 February 1840 to a blustery morning with torrents of rain splashing against her bedroom windows; but the clouds soon cleared and, as was so often to happen on important days in her life, the sun came out for an afternoon of what was to become known as ‘Queen’s weather’. After breakfast – in defiance of the traditional belief (in her opinion a ‘foolish nonsense’) that it was unlucky to do so – she went to see the bridegroom to whom she had already written a note: ‘Dearest, How are you today and have you slept well? I have rested very well, and feel very comfortable…What weather! I believe, however, the rain will cease. Send one word when you, my most dearly loved bridegroom, will be ready. Thy ever faithful, Victoria R.’¹ Then, with a wreath of orange flower blossoms on her head, wearing a white satin dress and a sapphire brooch set with diamonds, a present from the Prince, and accompanied by her mother and the Duchess of Sutherland, she was driven to the Chapel Royal, St James’s, where the marriage was to be celebrated, much to the annoyance of the Queen who thought it a ‘shocking locale’. She would have had a private ceremony had not Melbourne spoken strongly against it, for she had, so she said, ‘a horror’ of being married before a large congregation. She would have far preferred a simple ceremony in a room at Buckingham Palace, a small room which would afford her an excellent excuse not to ask people she did not want.

The Duke of Sussex, wearing the black skullcap he so often affected, and close to the tears he was to shed throughout the ceremony, gave her away, quite ready as always, so it was said of him, to give away what did not belong to him.² He led her to the altar where Prince Albert, looking pale in the uniform of a British field-marshal, and decorated with the Order of the Garter, stood waiting for her. Albert’s nervousness, so it was supposed, was increased by the loud whispers of Queen Adelaide and of his aunt, the Duchess of Kent, who was plainly annoyed by the fact that once again she had been given a place that did not accord with what she conceived to be her precedence.

The Queen’s progress up the aisle was much impeded by the bridesmaids who, since her train was far too short to allow them all to grasp it while walking normally, had to trip forward as though walking on ice in order not to tread on each other’s ankles.³ But the Queen ‘only felt so happy’. She was pale and rather nervous – the congregation could see the orange flower blossoms quivering on her head. But she made her responses in confident tones, and remained perfectly patient when the Duke of Norfolk, insisting that as Earl Marshal it was his privilege and duty to sign the register first, could not find his spectacles in order to do so and kept all the others waiting while he went through one pocket after another in a laborious attempt to locate them.

Unlike her coronation, the marriage service passed off without too many untoward incidents, although the Queen’s uncle, the Duke of Cambridge was – by contrast with the ‘disconsolate and distressed’ Duchess of Kent – ‘decidedly gay, making very audible remarks from time to time’; while the bridegroom himself was ‘certainly a good deal perplexed and agitated in delivering his responses’.⁴

The bride, however, had behaved ‘with much grace and propriety’, according to Charles Greville, ‘not without emotion, though sufficiently subdued’. She had been seen to tremble as she entered the Chapel and as the congregation applauded her as she stood before the altar. But her voice had been clear and confident and her ‘eye bright and calm’. As she left the Chapel it was noticed that she paused to kiss her aunt, Queen Adelaide; but that she merely shook hands with her mother.⁵

It was also remarked that of the three hundred or so people in the Chapel, very, very few were Tories. Indeed, Charles Greville said that, apart from the Duke of Wellington and Lord Liverpool, there were only three Tories there, Lord Willoughby de Eresby and the Marquess of Cholmondeley, whose presence was required as joint Lord Great Chamberlains, and Lord Ashley, who was there because he was married to Lord Melbourne’s niece, Lady Emily Cowper. The Queen ‘had been as wilful, obstinate and wrong-headed as usual about the invitations,’ Greville said, ‘and some of her foolish and mischievous Courtiers were boasting’ about the pointedly small number of Tories invited. ‘The D. and Dss of Northumberland [her former governess] were not there and She did worse than not invite them…for the invitation was sent so late that they could not have got it in time to come; and the truth is that it was intended not to invite them at all. Nothing could be more improper and foolish than to make this a mere Whig party, and if She was to make a selection, She might with great propriety have invited all those, such as the D. of Rutland and [the Marquess of] Exeter, who had formerly received and entertained her at their houses. But She would not, and stuffed in a parcel of Whigs taken apparently at haphazard, in preference to any of these.’⁶

The Queen returned with her husband for the wedding breakfast to Buckingham Palace where, awaiting them, was an enormous wedding cake, three yards in circumference, which needed four men to carry in.⁷ Lord Melbourne came up to congratulate her. ‘Nothing could have gone off better,’ he assured her. She pressed his hand and ‘he said, “God bless you, Ma’am” most kindly, and with such a kind look’.⁸ He, too, had done well, carrying the Sword of State with far more ease and confidence than he had shown at the coronation and wearing a magnificent dress coat which, to the Queen’s delighted amusement, he had claimed would be the ‘Thing most observed’ at the marriage ceremony.

During the half hour which the Queen and Prince spent alone together before the wedding breakfast, the Queen gave her husband a wedding ring; and he said there must never be a secret which they did not share. After the breakfast, so the Queen recorded, ‘Dearest Albert came up and fetched me downstairs, where we took leave of Mamma and drove off at near 4, Albert and I alone which was SO delightful’.⁹

Upon leaving the Palace for Windsor She and her young Husband were pretty well received [Charles Greville reported], but they went off in a very poor and shabby style. Instead of the new chariot in which most married people are accustomed to dash along, they were in one of the old travelling coaches, the postillions in undressed liveries, and with a small escort, three other coaches with post horses following. The crowds on the roads were so great that they did not reach the Castle till 8 o’clock.¹⁰

‘Our reception was most enthusiastic and hearty and gratifying in every way,’ the Queen confirmed. ‘There was an immense crowd of people outside the Palace, and which I must say never ceased until we reached Windsor Castle…the people quite deafening us; and horsemen and gigs etc. driving along with us. We came through Eton where all the Boys…cheered and shouted. Really I was quite touched.’¹¹

On arrival at Windsor she inspected the apartments which had been prepared for them, changed her dress, then went into the Prince’s room where she found him playing the piano and wearing the Windsor uniform with which, as a clothes-conscious man, he had replaced the travelling outfit he had worn in the coach, this in turn having replaced the field-marshal’s uniform. He stood up, put his arms around her and was ‘so dear and kind’.

We had our dinner in our sitting room [the Queen recorded], but I had such a sick headache that I could eat nothing, and was obliged to lie down in the middle blue room for the remainder of the evening on the sofa; but ill or not, I NEVER, NEVER spent such an evening!! MY DEAREST DEAREST DEAR Albert sat on a footstool by my side, and his excessive love and affection gave me feelings of heavenly love and happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before! He clasped me in his arms, and we kissed each other again and again! His beauty, his sweetness and gentleness – really how can I ever be thankful enough to have such a Husband!…to be called by names of tenderness, I have never yet heard used to me before – was bliss beyond belief! Oh! this was the happiest day of my life! – May God help me to do my duty as I ought and be worthy of such blessings!¹²

It was also bliss beyond belief to wake up next morning, after having, so she said, not slept very much, and to find that ‘beautiful angelic face’ by her side. ‘It was,’ she wrote, ‘more than I can express.’ ‘He does look so beautiful in his shirt only, with his beautiful throat seen.’¹³ It was bliss also to have him with her at breakfast and to gaze again upon his naked throat, exposed above the black velvet collar of his jacket, to walk with him arm in arm upon the Terrace where her grandfather King George III had paraded with Queen Charlotte and their several daughters, to write letters in her sitting room while he, exhausted and still suffering from the effects of his dreadful seasickness, dozed on a sofa, then rested his ‘darling head’ on her shoulder. It was delightful, too, to watch him shave in the morning and to have him put on her stockings for her.¹⁴

On that first day of her honeymoon she wrote to Lord Melbourne to assure him how ‘very very happy’ she was; she ‘never thought she could be so loved’ as she was by ‘dearest, dear Albert’. And she told King Leopold that she was ‘the happiest, happiest Being that ever existed’. Really she did ‘not think it possible for anyone in the world to be happier’. Her husband was ‘an Angel’.¹⁵

The Prince grew more and more tired as the days of the short honeymoon progressed; for, as Melbourne commented, it was quite ‘a whirl’. The first evening was the only one they spent alone. On Tuesday there was a dinner party for ten. The Queen thought it a ‘very delightful, merry, nice little party’; but the Prince was obviously still exhausted. The next evening she ‘collected an immense party…for a dance which she chose to have at the Castle’. This is ‘a proceeding quite unparalleled,’ Charles Greville wrote in high disapproval. ‘Even her best friends are shocked at her not conforming more than she is doing to English customs, and not continuing for a short time in that retirement, which modesty and native delicacy generally prescribe and which few Englishwomen would be content to avoid. But She does not think any such constraint necessary…Lady Palmerston said to me last night that she was much vexed that She had nobody about her who could venture to tell her that this [ball on Wednesday] was not becoming and would appear indelicate. But She has nobody who dares tell her, or She will not endure to hear such truths. [Lord] Normanby [the Home Secretary] said to me the same thing. It is a pity Melbourne did not tell her…He probably did not think about it.’¹⁶

Prince Albert had, in fact, already suggested before their marriage that ‘it might perhaps be a good and delicate action not to depart’ from what he had been told was the ‘usual custom in England for married people to stay up to four to six weeks from the town and society’. Since this was so, he ventured diffidently, might they not retire from the public eye for ‘at least a fortnight – or a week’?

The Queen had replied to this suggestion as sharply as she had done when the Prince had proposed being allowed to choose his own household:

My dear Albert, [she had written] you have not at all understood the matter. You forget, my dearest Love, that I am the Sovereign, and that business can stop and wait for nothing. Parliament is sitting and something occurs almost every day for which I am required and it is quite impossible for me to be absent from London; therefore two or three days is already a long time to be absent…I must come out after the second day…I cannot keep alone. This is also my wish in every way.¹⁷

While refusing to prolong the honeymoon, the Queen was determined to make the most of the three days she had allocated to it. On the Wednesday evening she stayed up dancing until after midnight when she went upstairs to find her husband fast asleep. She woke him up and they went to bed. On Thursday there was another dance at which she bounced around the floor with Prince Albert in a lively, graceful galop.

Late nights did not preclude early rising. On the morning after their first night together it was ‘much remarked’, so Greville said, ‘that she and P A were up very early walking about [in fact, they were up at half past eight, and did not go out until the early afternoon] which is very contrary to her former habits. Strange that a wedding night should be so short; and I told Lady Palmerston that this was not the way to provide us with a Prince of Wales.’¹⁸

The days, even so, the ‘very, very happy days’, were too short for the Queen. Prince Albert’s ‘love and gentleness’ were ‘beyond everything’: to ‘kiss that dear soft cheek, to press [her] lips to his’ was ‘heavenly bliss’. On her return to London, Melbourne commented that she seemed very well. ‘Very,’ she said, ‘and in very high spirits.’ She ‘never could have thought there was so much happiness in store.’¹⁹

She delighted in walking with her husband in the grounds of Buckingham Palace when he would tell her the names of the trees and flowers. She obviously loved it when he would display his affection for her as he came into her room, as Lady Lyttelton, a Lady of the Bedchamber, saw him do one day, his cheeks flushed after riding in the Park, taking her hand in his. She was so pleased that he always got up from the dinner table as soon as he could, requiring the other gentlemen to follow him presently, having finished their wine. He then joined her in the drawing room where he would play and sing duets with her, or occupy himself with double chess, leaving her to talk to Lord Melbourne. Sometimes they would all play games together. One evening the whole court ‘took to playing spillikins and puzzling with alphabets’; another evening they ‘learnt a new round game’, and they ‘all grew quite noisy over it’ – it was called main jaune and they liked it better than mouche. When they played vingt-et-un or Pope Joan the stakes were never high, and it was rather tiresome always to have to remember to carry new coins so that court etiquette should not be broken by passing used money to the Sovereign, but the maids-of-honour, ‘all wearing their badge of the Queen’s picture surrounded with brilliants on a red bow, looked so cheerful when they were gambling and a haul of even threepence excited them.’²⁰

Once they played a letter game in which Melbourne was given the word ‘pleasure’ to guess. The Queen gave the Prime Minister a hint: it was a common word, she said. But not, said the Prince, ‘a very common thing’. Melbourne suggested, ‘Is it truth or honesty?’ They burst out laughing.²¹

Prince Albert could not fully share his wife’s contentment. He confided in Baron Stockmar that he considered her ‘naturally a fine character but warped in many respects by wrong upbringing’. She was wilful and thoughtless, and while kind at heart, given to outbursts of temper and moods of sulky pettishness. There could be no doubt that he loved her; but he was deeply concerned not only to be denied her confidence in what he termed the ‘trivial matters’ of the running of their households, but also by her strong disinclination to allow him to take any part in political business. He was not asked into the room when she was talking to the Prime Minister; nor did she discuss affairs of state with him, changing the subject when he tried to talk to her about political matters. Nor did she allow him to see the state papers which were sent to her by the various government departments, whereas he learnt from his brother that Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary, the husband of Maria da Gloria, Queen of Portugal, was King Consort and as such vetted all her visitors before they were allowed to see her and then to do little more than to kiss her hand. The English, however, so Victoria reminded her husband, were ‘very jealous of any foreigner interfering in the government of this country’.²²

‘My impression,’ Lord Melbourne told George Anson, ‘is that the chief obstacle in Her Majesty’s mind is the fear of difference of opinion and she thinks that domestic harmony is more likely to follow from avoiding subjects likely to create difference.’²³ A greater obstacle, no doubt, was her reluctance to share her authority with anyone, even her adored husband.

‘The Prince ought in business as in everything to be necessary to the Queen,’ King Leopold advised, ‘he should be to her a walking dictionary for reference on any point which her own knowledge or education have not enabled her to answer. There should be no concealment from him on any subject.’²⁴ There was concealment, though; and there was much resentment when Prince Albert presumed to offer his advice. When, for example, a box of official papers arrived labelled tersely, ‘sign immediately’, he suggested she show her displeasure at receiving such peremptory instructions by not signing for a day or two. She signed at once.²⁵

She was, in fact, prepared to limit the Prince’s role as partner to what she herself ingenuously called a little ‘help with the blotting paper’. He told his friend, Prince William of Löwenstein, ‘In my home life I am very happy and contented; but the difficulty in filling my place with the proper dignity is that I am only the husband, and not the master of the house.’²⁶

There were other problems, too. He could not share his wife’s passion for excitement, merriment and late nights. He preferred the peace of the countryside to the bustle of the town, and he liked to go to bed early. He told his brother that he sometimes wished he were back at Coburg ‘in a small house’ instead of living the life that his sense of duty had imposed upon him.²⁷

When he was feeling tired or particularly frustrated, he became irritable over matters of little importance. Often he was seen to be asleep in the evening, and then the Queen would nudge him to wake him up, as Guizot, the French Ambassador, noticed her do at a concert soon after their marriage: ‘Prince Albert slept. She looked at him, half smiling, half vexed. She pushed him with her elbow. He woke up, and nodded approval of the piece of the moment. Then he went to sleep again.’²⁸ He was often bored in the evenings, constantly disappointed that he was unable to fulfil his ambition to bring scientific and literary people about the Court, to make it a more general reflection of the life of the country.²⁹

He was far from being a morose man: he did take pleasure in life, but his pleasures were far more restrained, less hectic than hers. He found it difficult to get used to the food and the climate in England, and a strain to have to speak English most of the time. The ordinary people of the country seemed quite happy to accept him; but the upper classes remained extremely wary of him, while several members of the old Royal Family were still openly antagonistic, the Duke of Cambridge making a ridiculous fuss when his Garter banner in St George’s Chapel, Windsor, was moved a few inches to make way for that of the ‘young foreign upstart’. The Duchess of Cambridge went so far as to remain seated when the Prince’s health was drunk at a dinner.

The quarrel between the Duchess of Cambridge and the Prince became more heated than ever when her son, that ‘odious’ boy as the Queen had described him, was rumoured to have made Lady Augusta Somerset pregnant. Prince George of Cambridge was a highly flirtatious though rather timid young man and Lady Augusta, eldest daughter of the Duke of Beaufort, a ‘very ill-behaved girl, ready for anything that her caprice or passions excite her to do’. So there were some grounds for the rumour, false though it was, and Prince Albert firmly believed it to be true. Both he and the Queen refused to speak to Lady Augusta when she appeared at Court and ordered the ladies there not to do so either. And when solemnly assured that the stories were unfounded, the Prince’s reply – that he supposed, therefore, ‘they must believe that it was so’ – left the Cambridges ‘by no means satisfied’ and the Beauforts ‘boiling with resentment and indignation’.³⁰

The Prince was now more unpopular with the aristocracy than ever. His prudery, his obvious cleverness, his enterprise on the hunting field, his graceful accomplishment on the ballroom floor and as a skater on frozen lakes, his vigour as a swimmer, his talents as a musician and singer, all aroused dislike and jealousy rather than admiration. At dinner parties his competence, his conscientiousness, his intelligence and his honesty would alike be grudgingly conceded but then, as Baron Stockmar remarked, someone would be sure to add, ‘Look at the cut of his coat, though, and the way he shakes hands’ with his elbow held stiffly at his side. Even the way he rode a horse appeared determinedly, even arrogantly, German. With women, it was often observed, he was particularly ill at ease, concealing his shyness in their presence beneath a veneer of stiff formality or avoiding their eyes altogether as though aware of some grave fault of character that would not allow him to recognize their existence. When walking in the park at Windsor or in the gardens at Buckingham Palace, with his sleek greyhound at his heels, he would pass them by without a word. Later, in the drawing room, he would make it painfully plain that he was totally unmoved by their charms. He had ‘never feared temptation with regard to women’, he admitted to his secretary, having ‘no inclination in that respect’: such ‘species of vice disgusted him’. The Queen was far from displeased by this obvious ‘utter indifference to the attraction of all ladies’; but the ladies themselves naturally found his impassivity disconcerting, not to say demeaning; nor did the maids-of-honour like the manner in which the Prince walked out of the door in front of them and would not allow them to sit down in his presence: once when the pregnant Lady John Russell seemed to be overcome by fatigue the Queen whispered to her to sit down but took the precaution of placing Lady Douro in front of her so that the Prince should not notice this breach of etiquette.³¹

Well aware of his unpopularity among the upper classes and at Court, Prince Albert felt increasingly homesick. And on the return of his father to Coburg after a brief visit to England the Queen found her husband weeping bitterly in the hall. Embarrassed to be found in so unmanly a state, he ran upstairs to his room. She hurried after him, anxious to comfort him; but he was, for the moment, inconsolable: she had never known her father, he reminded her, and her childhood had been a miserable one in comparison with the past with which he had had so suddenly to break.

The Queen was moved by his nostalgia. ‘God knows,’ she wrote in her diary, ‘how great my wish is to make this Beloved being happy and contented.’³²