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NSDAP

On 24 February 1920 at a mass gathering in the Munich Hofbräuhaus the NSDAP, the National Socialist German Workers’ Party [= the Nazi Party], would be created from the DAP. For this occasion a flag had been designed for the new party: a swastika with straight arms bent to the right. Since the end of the 19th century it had been used as a symbol for Aryanism and anti-Semitism in nationalist circles. There it now stood, black in a white circle on a red background. Hitler had copied the white from the nationalists, the signal red from the communists. The abbreviation NS – for national socialist – was supposed to emphasise the distinctiveness of the party with its social principles which are at the same time nationalist in tone. Four notable points in its programme, just to mention a few, were:

•the abolition of the treaty of Versailles

•the withdrawal of German citizenship for Jews and

•the strengthening of the national community by, amongst other things, participation in the profits of major concerns.

•new legislation on foreigners seized on the anxieties existing subliminally amongst the population, by putting non-citizens in a worse position right from the outset and even authorised their “deportation in the event of insufficient food for the population as a whole”.

Already at this event its unique feature was evident. The clearly planned course of the proceedings was adhered to with strict discipline. The bar room brawls normally usual in these bierkeller sessions were blocked.

Hitler’s venue protection, the steward squad, consisting mostly of younger party members, saw to this. Anyone, who was disruptive, was beaten out of the hall by them. The SA, the Sturmabteilung, would be created from them not long afterwards.

First party conference of the NSDAP on the Munich Mars Field from 27-29 January 1923.