The Books of Traditional Confucian Canon

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These books are the five pre-Qin Chinese books that form part of the traditional Confucian canon. During the Western Han dynasty, which adopted Confucianism as its official ideology, these texts became part of the state-sponsored curriculum. It was during this period that the texts first began to be considered together as a set collection, and to be called collectively the «Five Classics». I Ching – The book contains a divination system comparable to Western geomancy or the West African Ifá system. In Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose. Shu King – A collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou period and before. It is possibly the oldest Chinese narrative, and may date from the 6th century BC. It includes examples of early Chinese prose. The Shih King – A collection of 305 poems divided into 160 folk songs, 105 festal songs sung at court ceremonies, and 40 hymns and eulogies sung at sacrifices to heroes and ancestral spirits of the royal house. The Li Ki – Describes ancient rites, social forms and court ceremonies. The version studied today is a re-worked version compiled by scholars in the third century BC rather than the original text, which is said to have been edited by Confucius himself. Spring and Autumn Annals – A historical record of the State of Lu, Confucius's native state, 722–481 BC.

ODE 5. THE ȜÂI SHÛ. THE CULTIVATION OF THE GROUND FROM THE FIRST BREAKING OF IT UP, TILL IT YIELDS ABUNDANT HARVESTS:--AVAILABLE SPECIALLY FOR SACRIFICES AND FESTIVE OCCASIONS. WHETHER INTENDED TO BE USED ON OCCASIONS OF THANKSGIVING, OR IN SPRING WHEN PRAYING FOR A GOOD YEAR, CANNOT BE DETERMINED

ODE 6. THE LIANG SZE. PRESUMABLY, AN ODE OF THANKSGIVING IN THE AUTUMN TO THE SPIRITS OF THE LAND AND GRAIN

Footnotes

ODE 7. THE SZE Î. AN ODE APPROPRIATE TO THE PREPARATIONS AND PROGRESS OF A FEAST AFTER A SACRIFICE

Footnotes

ODE 8. THE KO. AN ODE IN PRAISE OF KING WÛ, AND RECOGNISING THE DUTY TO FOLLOW HIS COURSE

ODE 9. THE HWAN. CELEBRATING THE MERIT AND SUCCESS OF KING WÛ

ODE 10. THE LÂI. CELEBRATING THE PRAISE OF KING WĂN

III. THE PRAISE ODES OF LÛ

ODE 3. THE PHAN SHUI. IN PRAISE OF SOME MARQUIS OF LÛ, CELEBRATING HIS INTEREST IN THE STATE COLLEGE, WHICH HE HAD, PROBABLY, REPAIRED, TESTIFYING HIS VIRTUES, AND AUSPICING FOR HIM A COMPLETE TRIUMPH OVER THE TRIBES OF THE HWÂI, WHICH WOULD BE CELEBRATED IN THE COLLEGE

Footnotes

ODE 4. THE PÎ KUNG. IN PRAISE OF DUKE HSÎ, AND AUSPICING FOR HIM A MAGNIFICENT CAREER OF SUCCESS, WHICH WOULD MAKE LÛ ALL THAT IT HAD EVER BEEN:--WRITTEN, PROBABLY, ON AN OCCASION WHEN HSÎ HAD REPAIRED THE TEMPLES OF THE STATE, OF WHICH PIOUS ACT HIS SUCCESS WOULD BE THE REWARD

Footnotes

II. THE MINOR ODES OF THE KINGDOM

PIECES AND STANZAS ILLUSTRATING THE RELIGIOUS VIEWS AND PRACTICES OF THE WRITERS AND THEIR TIMES. The First Decade: Odes 5,6,9

ODE 5, STANZA 1. THE FÂ MÛ. THE FÂ MÛ IS A FESTAL ODE, WHICH WAS SUNG AT THE ENTERTAINMENT OF FRIENDS;--INTENDED TO CELEBRATE THE DUTY AND VALUE OF FRIENDSHIP, EVEN TO THE HIGHEST

Footnotes

ODE 6. THE THIEN PÂO. A FESTAL ODE, RESPONSIVE TO ANY OF THE FIVE THAT PRECEDE IT. THE KING'S OFFICERS AND GUESTS, HAVING BEEN FEASTED BY HIM, CELEBRATE HIS PRAISES, AND DESIRE FOR HIM THE BLESSING OF HEAVEN AND HIS ANCESTORS

Footnotes

ODE 9, STANZA 4. THE TÎ TÛ. THE TÎ TÛ IS AN ODE OF CONGRATULATION, INTENDED FOR THE MEN WHO HAVE RETURNED FROM MILITARY DUTY AND SERVICE ON THE FRONTIERS

The Fourth Decade: Odes 5,6,7,8,9,10

ODE 5, STANZAS 5 TO 9. THE SZE KAN. THE SZE KAN WAS, PROBABLY MADE FOR A FESTIVAL ON THE COMPLETION OF A PALACE; CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF IT, AND PROCEEDING TO GOOD WISHES FOR THE BUILDER AND HIS POSTERITY. THE STANZAS HERE GIVEN SHOW HOW DIVINATION WAS RESORTED TO FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS

Footnotes

ODE 6, STANZA 4. THE WÛ YANG. THE WÛ YANG IS SUPPOSED TO CELEBRATE THE LARGENESS AND EXCELLENT CONDITION OF KING HSÜAN'S FLOCKS AND HERDS. THE CONCLUDING STANZA HAS REFERENCE TO THE DIVINATION OF THE DREAMS OF HIS HERDSMEN

Footnotes

ODE 7. THE KIEH NAN SHAN. A LAMENTATION OVER THE UNSETTLED STATE OF THE KINGDOM DENOUNCING THE INJUSTICE AND NEGLECT OF THE CHIEF MINISTER, BLAMING ALSO THE CONDUCT OF THE KING, WITH APPEALS TO HEAVEN, AND SEEMINGLY CHARGING IT WITH CRUELTY AND INJUSTICE

Footnotes

ODE 8, STANZAS 4, 5, AND 7. THE KĂNG YÜEH. THE KĂNG YÜEH IS, LIKE THE PRECEDING ODE, A LAMENTATION OVER THE MISERIES OF THE KINGDOM, AND THE RUIN COMING ON IT; WITH A SIMILAR, BUT MORE HOPEFULLY EXPRESSED, APPEAL TO HEAVEN, 'THE GREAT GOD.'

Footnotes

ODE 9. THE SHIH YÜEH KIH KIÂO. THE LAMENTATION OF AN OFFICER OVER THE PRODIGIES CELESTIAL AND TERRESTRIAL, ESPECIALLY AN ECLIPSE OF THE SUN, THAT WERE BETOKENING THE RUIN OF KÂU. HE SETS FORTH WHAT HE CONSIDERED TO BE THE TRUE CAUSES OF THE PREVAILING MISERY, WHICH WAS BY NO MEANS TO BE CHARGED ON HEAVEN

Footnotes

ODE 10, STANZAS 1 AND 3. THE YÜ WÛ KĂNG. THE WRITER OF THIS PIECE MOURNS OVER THE MISERABLE STATE OF THE KINGDOM, THE INCORRIGIBLE COURSE OF THE KING, AND OTHER EVILS, APPEALING ALSO TO HEAVEN, AND SURPRISED THAT IT ALLOWED SUCH THINGS TO BE

The Fifth Decade: Odes 1,2,3,4,6,9

ODE 1, STANZAS 1, 2, AND 3. THE HSIÂO MIN. A LAMENTATION OVER THE RECKLESSNESS AND INCAPACITY OF THE KING AND HIS COUNSELLORS. DIVINATION HAS BECOME OF NO AVAIL, AND HEAVEN IS DESPAIRINGLY APPEALED TO

ODE 2, STANZAS I AND 2. THE HSIÂO YÜAN. SOME OFFICER IN A TIME OF DISORDER AND MISGOVERNMENT URGES ON HIS BROTHERS THE DUTY OF MAINTAINING THEIR OWN VIRTUE, AND OF OBSERVING THE GREATEST CAUTION

Footnotes

ODE 3, STANZAS 1 AND 3. THE HSIÂO PAN. THE ELDEST SON AND HEIR-APPARENT OF KING YÛ BEWAILS HIS DEGRADATION, APPEALING TO HEAVEN AS TO HIS INNOCENCE, AND COMPLAINING OF ITS CASTING HIS LOT IN SUCH A TIME

Footnotes

ODE 4, STANZA 1. THE KHIÂO YEN. SOME ONE, SUFFERING FROM THE KING THROUGH SLANDER, APPEALS TO HEAVEN, AND GOES ON TO DWELL ON THE NATURE AND EVIL OF SLANDER

ODE 6, STANZAS 5 AND 6. THE HSIANG PO. A EUNUCH, HIMSELF THE VICTIM OF SLANDER, COMPLAINS OF HIS FATE, AND WARNS AND DENOUNCES HIS ENEMIES; APPEALING AGAINST THEM, AS HIS LAST RESORT, TO HEAVEN

Footnotes

ODE 9. THE TÂ TUNG. AN OFFICER OF ONE OF THE STATES OF THE EAST DEPLORES THE EXACTIONS MADE FROM THEM BY THE GOVERNMENT, COMPLAINS OF THE FAVOUR SHOWN TO THE WEST, CONTRASTS THE MISERY OF THE PRESENT WITH THE HAPPINESS OF THE PAST, AND APPEALS TO THE STARS OF HEAVEN IDLY BEHOLDING THEIR CONDITION

Footnotes

The Sixth Decade: Odes 3,5,6,7,8

ODE 3, STANZAS 1, 4, AND 5. THE HSIÂO MING. AN OFFICER, KEPT LONG ABROAD ON DISTANT SERVICE, APPEALS TO HEAVEN, DEPLORING THE HARDSHIPS OF HIS LOT, AND TENDERS GOOD ADVICE TO HIS MORE FORTUNATE FRIENDS AT COURT

ODE 5. THE KHÛ ȜHZE. SACRIFICIAL AND FESTAL SERVICES IN THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE; AND THEIR CONNEXION WITH ATTENTION TO HUSBANDRY

Footnotes

ODE 6. THE HSIN NAN SHAN. HUSBANDRY TRACED TO ITS FIRST AUTHOR; DETAILS ABOUT IT, GOING ON TO THE SUBJECT OF SACRIFICES TO ANCESTORS

Footnotes

ODE 7. THE PHÛ THIEN. PICTURES OF HUSBANDRY, AND SACRIFICES CONNECTED WITH IT. HAPPY UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THEIR SUPERIORS

Footnotes

ODE 8. THE TÂ THIEN. FURTHER PICTURES OF HUSBANDRY, AND SACRIFICES CONNECTED WITH IT

Footnotes

The Seventh Decade: Odes 1,6

ODE 1, STANZA 1. THE SANG HÛ. THE KING, ENTERTAINING THE CHIEF AMONG THE FEUDAL PRINCES, EXPRESSES HIS ADMIRATION OF THEM, AND GOOD WISHES FOR THEM

Footnotes

ODE 6, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE PIN KIH KHÛ YEN. AGAINST DRUNKENNESS. DRINKING ACCORDING TO RULE AT ARCHERY CONTESTS AND THE SEASONAL SACRIFICES, AND DRINKING TO EXCESS

Footnotes

The Eighth Decade: Ode 5

ODE 5, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE PO HWÂ. THE QUEEN OF KING YÛ COMPLAINS OF BEING DEGRADED AND FORSAKEN

Footnotes

III. THE MAJOR ODES OF THE KINGDOM

PIECES AND STANZAS ILLUSTRATING THE RELIGIOUS VIEWS AND PRACTICES OF THE WRITERS AND THEIR TIMES. The First Decade: Odes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10

ODE 1. THE WĂN WANG. CELEBRATING KING WĂN, DEAD AND ALIVE, AS THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF KÂU, SHOWING HOW HIS VIRTUES DREW TO HIM THE FAVOURING REGARD OF HEAVEN OR GOD, AND MADE HIM A BRIGHT PATTERN TO HIS DESCENDANTS AND THEIR MINISTERS

Footnotes

ODE 2. THE TÂ MING. HOW THE APPOINTMENT OF HEAVEN OR GOD CAME FROM HIS FATHER TO KING WĂN, AND DESCENDED TO HIS SON, KING WÛ, WHO OVERTHREW THE DYNASTY OF SHANG BY HIS VICTORY AT MÛ; CELEBRATING ALSO THE MOTHER AND WIFE OF KING WĂN

Footnotes

ODE 3. THE MIEN. SMALL BEGINNINGS AND SUBSEQUENT GROWTH OF THE HOUSE OF KÂU IN KÂU. ITS REMOVAL FROM PIN UNDER THAN-FÛ, WITH ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT IN KÂU, WITH THE PLACE THEN GIVEN TO THE BUILDING OF THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE, AND THE ALTAR TO THE SPIRITS OF THE LAND. CONSOLIDATION OF ITS FORTUNES BY KING WĂN

Footnotes

ODE 4, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE YÎ PHO. IN PRAISE OF KING WĂN, CELEBRATING HIS INFLUENCE, DIGNITY IN THE TEMPLE SERVICES, ACTIVITY, AND CAPACITY TO RULE

Footnotes

ODE 5. THE HAN LÛ. IN PRAISE OF THE VIRTUE OF KING WĂN, BLESSED BY HIS ANCESTORS, AND RAISED TO THE HIGHEST DIGNITY WITHOUT' SEEKING OF HIS OWN

Footnotes

ODE 6. THE SZE KÂI. THE VIRTUE OF WĂN, WITH HIS FILIAL PIETY AND CONSTANT REVERENCE, AND THEIR WONDERFUL EFFECTS. THE EXCELLENT CHARACTER OF HIS MOTHER AND WIFE

Footnotes

ODE 7. THE HWANG Î. SHOWING THE RISE OF THE HOUSE OF KÂU TO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE KINGDOM THROUGH THE FAVOUR OF GOD, THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF KINGS THÂI AND KÎ, AND ESPECIALLY OF KING WĂN

Footnotes

ODE 9. THE HSIÂ WÛ. IN PRAISE OF KING WÛ, WALKING IN THE WAYS OF HIS FOREFATHERS, AND BY HIS FILIAL PIETY SECURING THE THRONE TO HIMSELF AND HIS POSTERITY

Footnotes

ODE 10. THE WĂN WANG YÛ SHĂNG. THE PRAISE OF KINGS WĂN AND WÛ:--HOW THE FORMER DISPLAYED HIS MILITARY PROWESS ONLY TO SECURE THE TRANQUILLITY OF THE PEOPLE; AND HOW THE LATTER, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESULTS OF DIVINATION, ENTERED IN HIS NEW CAPITAL OF HÂO, INTO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE KINGDOM WITH THE SINCERE GOOD WILL OF ALL THE PEOPLE

Footnotes

The Second Decade: Odes 1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10

ODE 1. THE SHĂNG MIN. THE LEGEND OF HÂU-KÎ:--HIS CONCEPTION; HIS BIRTH; THE PERILS OF HIS INFANCY; HIS BOYISH HABITS OF AGRICULTURE; HIS SUBSEQUENT METHODS AND TEACHING OF AGRICULTURE; HIS FOUNDING OF CERTAIN SACRIFICES; AND THE HONOURS OF SACRIFICE PAID TO HIM BY THE HOUSE OF KÂU

Footnotes

ODE 2. THE HSIN WEI. A FESTAL ODE, CELEBRATING SOME ENTERTAINMENT GIVEN BY THE KING TO HIS RELATIVES, WITH THE TRIAL OF ARCHERY AFTER THE FEAST; CELEBRATING ESPECIALLY THE HONOUR DONE ON SUCH OCCASIONS TO THE AGED

Footnotes

ODE 3. THE KÎ ȜUI. RESPONSIVE TO THE LAST:--THE UNCLES AND BRETHREN OF THE KING EXPRESS THEIR SENSE OF HIS KINDNESS, AND THEIR WISHES FOR HIS HAPPINESS, MOSTLY IN THE WORDS IN WHICH THE PERSONATORS OF THE DEPARTED ANCESTORS HAD CONVEYED THEIR SATISFACTION WITH THE SACRIFICE OFFERED TO THEM, AND PROMISED TO HIM THEIR BLESSING

Footnotes

ODE 4. THE HÛ Î. AN ODE APPROPRIATE TO THE FEAST GIVEN TO THE PERSONATORS OF THE DEPARTED, ON THE DAY AFTER THE SACRIFICE IN THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE

Footnotes

ODE 5, STANZA 1. THE KIÂ LO. IN PRAISE OF SOME KING, WHOSE VIRTUE SECURED TO HIM THE FAVOUR OF HEAVEN

ODE 8. THE KHÜAN Â. ADDRESSED, PROBABLY, BY THE DUKE OF SHÂO TO KING KHĂNG, DESIRING FOR HIM LONG PROSPERITY, AND CONGRATULATING HIM, IN ORDER TO ADMONISH HIM, ON THE HAPPINESS OF HIS PEOPLE, THE NUMBER OF HIS ADMIRABLE OFFICERS, AND THE AUSPICIOUS OMEN ARISING FROM THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHŒNIX

Footnotes

ODE 9, STANZA 1. THE MIN LÂO. IN A TIME OF DISORDER AND SUFFERING, SOME OFFICER OF, DISTINCTION CALLS ON HIS FELLOWS TO JOIN WITH HIM TO EFFECT A REFORMATION IN THE CAPITAL, AND PUT AWAY THE PARTIES WHO WERE THE CAUSE OF THE PREVAILING MISERY

Footnotes

ODE 10. THE PAN. AN OFFICER OF EXPERIENCE MOURNS OVER THE PREVAILING MISERY; COMPLAINS OF THE WANT OF SYMPATHY WITH HIM SHOWN BY OTHER OFFICERS; ADMONISHES THEM, AND SETS FORTH THE DUTY REQUIRED OF THEM, ESPECIALLY IN THE ANGRY MOOD IN WHICH IT MIGHT SEEM THAT HEAVEN WAS

Footnotes

The Third Decade: Odes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11

ODE 1. THE TANG. WARNINGS, SUPPOSED TO BE ADDRESSED TO KING LÎ, ON THE ISSUES OF THE COURSE WHICH HE WAS PURSUING, SHOWING THAT THE MISERIES OF THE TIME AND THE IMMINENT DANGER OF RUIN WERE TO BE ATTRIBUTED, NOT TO HEAVEN, BUT TO HIMSELF AND HIS MINISTERS

Footnotes

ODE 2. THE YÎ. CONTAINING VARIOUS COUNSELS WHICH DUKE WÛ OF WEI MADE TO ADMONISH HIMSELF, WHEN HE WAS OVER HIS NINETIETH YEAR; ESPECIALLY ON THE DUTY OF A RULER TO BE CAREFUL OF HIS OUTWARD DEMEANOUR, FEELING THAT HE IS EVER UNDER THE INSPECTION OF SPIRITUAL BEINGS, AND TO RECEIVE WITH DOCILITY INSTRUCTIONS DELIVERED TO HIM

Footnotes

ODE 3, STANZAS 1, 2, 3, 4, AND 7. THE SANG ZÂU. THE WRITER MOURNS OVER THE MISERY AND DISORDER OF THE TIMES, WITH A VIEW TO REPREHEND THE MISGOVERNMENT OF KING LÎ, APPEALING ALSO TO HEAVEN TO HAVE COMPASSION

Footnotes

ODE 4. THE YUN HAN. KING HSÜAN, ON OCCASION OF A GREAT DROUGHT, EXPOSTULATES WITH GOD AND ALL THE SPIRITS, WHO MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO HELP HIM AND HIS PEOPLE; ASKS THEM WHEREFORE THEY WERE CONTENDING WITH HIM; AND DETAILS THE MEASURES HE HAD TAKEN, AND WAS STILL TAKING, FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE CALAMITY

Footnotes

ODE 5, STANZAS 1, 2, AND 4. THE SUNG KÂO. CELEBRATING THE APPOINTMENT BY KING HSÜAN OF A RELATIVE TO BE THE MARQUIS OF SHĂN, AND DEFENDER OF THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF THE KINGDOM, WITH THE ARRANGEMENTS MADE FOR HIS ENTERING ON HIS CHARGE

Footnotes

ODE 6, STANZAS 1 AND 7. THE KĂNG MIN. CELEBRATING THE VIRTUES OF KUNG SHAN-FÛ, WHO APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL MINISTERS OF KING HSÜAN, AND HIS DESPATCH TO THE EAST, TO FORTIFY THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE OF KHÎ

Footnotes

ODE 7, STANZAS 1 AND PART OF 3. THE HAN YÎ. CELEBRATING THE MARQUIS OF HAN:--HIS INVESTITURE, AND THE KING'S CHARGE TO HIM; THE GIFTS HE RECEIVED, AND THE PARTING FEAST AT THE COURT; HIS MARRIAGE; THE EXCELLENCE OF HIS TERRITORY; AND HIS SWAY OVER THE REGIONS OF THE NORTH

ODE 8, STANZAS 4 AND 5. THE KIANG HAN. CELEBRATING AN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE SOUTHERN TRIBES OF THE HWÂI, AND THE WORK DONE FOR THE KING IN THEIR COUNTRY, BY HÛ, THE EARL OF SHÂO, WITH THE MANNER IN WHICH THE KING REWARDED HIM, AND HE RESPONDED TO THE ROYAL FAVOUR

Footnotes

ODE 10, STANZAS 1, 5, 6, AND 7. THE KAN ZANG. THE WRITER DEPLORES, WITH AN APPEALING WAIL TO HEAVEN, THE MISERY AND OPPRESSION THAT PREVAILED, AND INTIMATES THAT THEY WERE CAUSED BY THE INTERFERENCE OF WOMEN AND EUNUCHS IN THE GOVERNMENT

Footnotes

ODE 11, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE SHÂO MIN. THE WRITER APPEALS TO HEAVEN, BEMOANING THE MISERY AND RUIN WHICH WERE GOING ON, AND SHOWING HOW THEY WERE DUE TO THE KING'S EMPLOYMENT OF MEAN AND WORTHLESS CREATURES

IV. LESSONS FROM THE STATES

ODES AND STANZAS ILLUSTRATING THE RELIGIOUS VIEWS AND PRACTICES OF THE WRITERS AND THEIR TIMES

BOOK II. THE ODES OF SHÂO AND THE SOUTH

ODE 2. THE ZHÂI FAN. CELEBRATING THE INDUSTRY AND REVERENCE OF A PRINCE'S WIFE, ASSISTING HIM IN SACRIFICING

Footnotes

ODE 4. THE ZHÂI PIN. CELEBRATING THE DILIGENCE AND REVERENCE OF THE YOUNG WIFE OF AN OFFICER, DOING HER PART IN SACRIFICIAL OFFERINGS

Footnotes

BOOK III. THE ODES OF PHEI

ODE 4. THE ZĂH YÜEH. SUPPOSED TO BE THE COMPLAINT AND APPEAL OF KWANG KIANG, A MARCHIONESS OF WEI, AGAINST THE BAD TREATMENT SHE RECEIVED FROM HER HUSBAND

ODE 15, STANZA 1. THE PEI MĂN. AN OFFICER OF WEI SETS FORTH HIS HARD LOT, THROUGH DISTRESSES AND THE BURDENS LAID UPON HIM, AND HIS SILENCE UNDER IT IN SUBMISSION TO HEAVEN

Footnotes

BOOK IV. THE ODES OF YUNG

ODE 1. THE PAI KÂU. PROTEST OF A WIDOW AGAINST BEING URGED TO MARRY AGAIN, AND HER APPEAL TO HER MOTHER AND TO HEAVEN

Footnotes

ODE 3, STANZA 2. THE KÜN-ȜZE KIEH LÂO. CONTRAST BETWEEN THE BEAUTY AND SPLENDOUR OF HSÜAN KIANG AND HER VICIOUSNESS

Footnotes

ODE 6, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE TING KIH FANG KÛNG. CELEBRATING THE PRAISE OF DUKE WĂN;--HIS DILIGENCE, FORESIGHT, USE OF DIVINATION, AND OTHER QUALITIES

Footnotes

BOOK V. THE ODES OF WEI

ODE 4, STANZAS 1 AND 2. THE MĂNG. AN UNFORTUNATE WOMAN, WHO HAD BEEN SEDUCED INTO AN IMPROPER CONNEXION, NOW CAST OFF, RELATES AND BEMOANS HER SAD CASE

Footnotes

BOOK VI. THE ODES OF THE ROYAL DOMAIN

ODE 1, STANZA 1. THE SHÛ-LÎ. AN OFFICER DESCRIBES HIS MELANCHOLY AND REFLECTIONS ON SEEING THE DESOLATION OF THE OLD CAPITAL OF KÂU, MAKING HIS MOAN TO HEAVEN BECAUSE OF IT

Footnotes

ODE 9, STANZAS 1 AND 3. THE TÂ KÜ. A LADY EXCUSES HERSELF FOR NOT FLYING TO HER LOVER BY HER FEAR OF A SEVERE AND VIRTUOUS MAGISTRATE, AND SWEARS TO HIS THAT SHE IS SINCERE IN HER ATTACHMENT TO HIM

Footnotes

BOOK X. THE ODES OF THANG

ODE, 8, STANZA 1. THE PÂO YÜ. THE MEN OF ȜIN, CALLED OUT TO WARFARE BY THE KING'S ORDER, MOURN OVER THE CONSEQUENT SUFFERING OF THEIR PARENTS, AND LONG FOR THEIR RETURN TO THEIR ORDINARY AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS, MAKING THEIR APPEAL TO HEAVEN

Footnotes

ODE 11. THE KO SHĂNG. A WIFE MOURNS THE DEATH OF HER HUSBAND, REFUSING TO BE COMFORTED, AND DECLARES THAT SHE WILL CHERISH HIS MEMORY TILL HER OWN DEATH

Footnotes

BOOK XI. THE ODES OF KHIN

ODE 6, STANZA 1. THE HWANG NIÂO. LAMENT FOR THREE WORTHIES OF KHIN, WHO WERE BURIED IN THE SAME GRAVE WITH DUKE MÛ

Footnotes

BOOK XV. THE ODES OF PIN

ODE 1, STANZA 8. THE KHÎ YÜEH. DESCRIBING LIFE IN PIN IN THE OLDEN TIME; THE PROVIDENT ARRANGEMENTS THERE TO SECURE THE CONSTANT SUPPLY OF FOOD AND RAIMENT,--WHATEVER WAS NECESSARY FOR THE SUPPORT AND COMFORT OF THE PEOPLE

Footnotes

The Li Ki

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. THREE DIFFERENT LÎ KING, OR RITUAL BOOKS, ACKNOWLEDGED IN CHINA. THE RECOVERY OF THE FIRST TWO, AND FORMATION OF THE THIRD, UNDER THE HAN DYNASTY

CHAPTER II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CHINESE CHARACTER CALLED LÎ. MEANING OF THE TITLE LÎ KÎ. VALUE OF THE WORK

CHAPTER III. BRIEF NOTICES OF THE DIFFERENT BOOKS WHICH MAKE UP THE COLLECTION

BOOK I. KHÜ LÎ

BOOK II. THAN KUNG

BOOK III. WANG KIH

BOOK IV. YÜEH LING

BOOK V. ZANG-DZE WAN

BOOK VI. WAN WANG SHIH-DZE

BOOK VII. LÎ YUN

BOOK VIII. LÎ KHÎ

BOOK IX. KIÂO THEH SANG

BOOK X. NÊI ZEH

BOOK XI. YÜ ZÂO

BOOK XII. MING THANG WEI

BOOK XIII. SANG FÛ HSIÂO KÎ

BOOK XIV. TA KWAN

BOOK XV. SHAO Î

BOOK XVI. HSIO KÎ

BOOK XVII. YO KÎ

BOOK XVIII. ZÂ KÎ

BOOK XIX. SANG TÂ KÎ

BOOK XX. KÎ FÂ

BOOK XXI. KÎ Î

BOOK XXII. KÎ THUNG

BOOK XXIII. KING KIEH

BOOK XXIV. ÂI KUNG WAN

BOOK XXV. KUNG-NÎ YEN KÛ

BOOK XXVI. KHUNG-DZE HSIEN KÜ

BOOK XXVII. FANG KÎ

BOOK XXVIII. KUNG YUNG

BOOK XXIX. PIÂO KÎ

BOOK XXX. DZE Î

BOOK XXXI. PAN SANG

BOOK XXXII. WAN SANG

BOOK XXXIII. FÛ WAN

BOOK XXXIV. KIEN KWAN

BOOK XXXV. SAN NIEN WAN

BOOK XXXVI. SHAN Î

BOOK XXXVII. THÂU HÛ

BOOK XXXVIII. ZÛ HSING

BOOK XXXIX. TÂ HSIO

BOOK XL. KWAN Î

BOOK XLI. HWAN Î

BOOK XLII. HSIANG YIN KIÛ

BOOK XLIII. SHÊ Î

BOOK XLIV. YEN Î

BOOK XLV. PHING Î

BOOK XLVI. SANG FÛ SZE KIH

Spring and Autumn Annals

Chapter I. The Nature and Value of the Ch‘un Ts‘ew

Section I. Disappointment of the Expectations Raised by the Earliest Accounts of the Ch‘un Ts•ëw

Section II. The Sources of the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw, and Its Nature. Did Confucius Allow Himself Any Liberty of Addition or Retrenchment in the Use of His Authorities?

Section III. Recovery of the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw During the Han Dynasty. Was This Indeed the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw of Confucius?

Section IV. The Three Early Commentaries on the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw

Section V. The Value of the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw

Appendix I. Specimens of the Commentaries of Kung-yang and Kuh-lëang

Appendix II. A Letter Questioning the Confucian Authorship of the Ch‘un Ts‘ëw, by Yuen Mei

Chapter II. The Chronology of the Ch‘un Ts‘ew

Section I. The Chronology of the Text;—With Tables of Solar Eclipses, and of the Lunar Months for the Whole Period

Section II. The Dates in the Tso Chuen

Section III. Lists of the Kings of Chow, and of the Princes of the Principal Fiefs, From the Beginning to the Close of the Chow Dynasty

Notes

Chapter III. The China of the Ch‘un Ts‘ew Period:—considered in Relation to Its Territorial Extent: the Disorder Which Prevailed; the Growth and Encroachments of the Larger States; and the Barbarous Tribes Which Surrounded It

Chapter IV. List of the Principal Works Which Have Been Employed in the Preparation of This Volume

Section I. Chinese Works; With Brief Notices of Them

Section II. Translations and Other Foreign Works

BOOK I. DUKE YIN

BOOK II. DUKE HWAN

BOOK III. DUKE CHWANG

BOOK IV. DUKE MIN

BOOK V. DUKE HE

BOOK VI. DUKE WĂN

BOOK VII. DUKE SEUEN

BOOK VIII. DUKE CH•ING

BOOK IX. DUKE SËANG

BOOK X. DUKE CH‘AOU

BOOK XI. DUKE TING

BOOK XII. DUKE GAE

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Appendix III The Great Appendix

Appendix IV Supplementary to the Thwan and Yâo on the First and Second Hexagrams, and Showing How They May Be Interpreted of Man's Nature and Doings

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The Books of Traditional Confucian Canon

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Confucius. The Books of Traditional Confucian Canon

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