Читать книгу Diabetes Cookbook For Canadians For Dummies - Cynthia Payne - Страница 11

If you have type 2 diabetes, taking oral medication or insulin to control your blood glucose should always be considered complementary to lifestyle therapy (including healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight control).

These are the classes of oral medications (and the generic names of the drugs within the classes) used to control blood glucose in people living with type 2 diabetes:

✔ Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose) work by slowing down the rate of absorption of glucose into the body from the intestine.

✔ Biguanides (metformin) lower blood glucose primarily by reducing how much glucose the liver makes.

✔ DPP-4 inhibitors (linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin) work by reducing how much glucose the liver makes and by stimulating the pancreas to make more insulin.

✔ Meglitinides (repaglinide, nateglinide) work by stimulating the pancreas to make more insulin.

✔ Sulfonylureas (gliclazide, glimepiride, glyburide) work by stimulating the pancreas to make more insulin.

✔ SGLT-2 inhibitors (canaglifozin) work by allowing greater amounts of glucose to pass through the kidneys and be excreted from the body in the urine.

✔ Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) work primarily by helping glucose move from the blood into fat and muscle cells.

Of the various oral medications available, metformin is the preferred initial drug for most people.

GLP-1 analogues (exenatide, liraglutide) have similar properties to DPP-4 inhibitors, but have the additional benefit of facilitating weight loss. GLP-1 analogues, however, are given by injection; they are not taken orally.