Читать книгу What Do We Owe to Refugees? - David Owen - Страница 12

1 1. Kelly Oliver (2017) refers to this warehousing as ‘carceral humanitarianism’.

2 2. Parekh (2017) provides a detailed analysis of this problem.

3 3. The case of the European Union – the regional body perhaps best placed to engage in such cooperative practices between states – demonstrates that securing such cooperation is extremely difficult to achieve. Rather than coordinated refugee protection, the EU has witnessed a crisis of integration and a resurgence of nationalist populisms, of which Italy’s Matteo Salvini is simply one manifestation.

4 4. The final draft of the Compact can be found here: https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5b3295167/official-version-final-draft-global-compact-refugees.html. This agreement was adopted on 17 December 2018. Only two states voted against it – the United States and Hungary.

5 5. Cherem (2016), p. 185.

6 6. Betts and Collier (2017), p. 99; this marks a significant contrast with Betts (2013).

7 7. Cherem (2016), p. 191.

8 8. Cherem (2016), p. 191, citing Walzer (1983), pp. 44–5 and 48.

9 9. Visit https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html.

10 10. Visit https://www.unhcr.org/5baa00b24.

11 11. Visit https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2017.

12 12. See Fitzgerald (2019) for a detailed analysis.

13 13. For some reflections on this topic, see Gibney (2015).

14 14. My approach here is influenced by Shue (1995), Beitz (2009) and Sangiovanni (2016).

15 15. This phrase trades off the analogy with in loco parentis; for an initial formulation, see Owen (2016b).