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Some methods of increasing plants, such as by seed, produce many new plants, while layering a shrub or tree creates only one new plant for each branch that is layered. Budding and grafting also usually produce just one new plant, although several grafts are used when rejuvenating an old apple tree through methods such as crown grafting.

When new plants are produced from seed, there is a chance that a few of the progeny will differ from the parent plant. With all non-seed methods (cuttings, layers, division, grafts and budding), however, the ensuing plants will be identical to the parent. Softwood cuttings are the most popular type of cutting, used for many soft-stemmed plants.