The Schools of Utopia & Schools of To-morrow (Illustrated)

The Schools of Utopia & Schools of To-morrow (Illustrated)
Автор книги: id книги: 1970758     Оценка: 0.0     Голосов: 0     Отзывы, комментарии: 0 0 руб.     (0$) Читать книгу Скачать бесплатно Купить бумажную книгу Электронная книга Жанр: Документальная литература Правообладатель и/или издательство: Bookwire Дата добавления в каталог КнигаЛит: ISBN: 9788027226030 Скачать фрагмент в формате   fb2   fb2.zip Возрастное ограничение: 0+ Оглавление Отрывок из книги

Реклама. ООО «ЛитРес», ИНН: 7719571260.

Описание книги

"The Schools of Utopia" and «Schools of To-morrow» argue that education and learning are social and interactive processes, and thus the school itself is a social institution through which social reform can and should take place. Students should thrive in an environment where they are allowed to experience and interact with the curriculum, and all students should have the opportunity to take part in their own learning. Excerpt: "What is learned in school is at the best only a small part of education, a relatively superficial part; and yet what is learned in school makes artificial distinctions in society and marks persons off from one another. Consequently we exaggerate school learning compared with what is gained in the ordinary course of living." (Schools Of To-morrow) John Dewey (1859-1952) is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. His ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Known for his advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements—schools and civil society—to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality.

Оглавление

Джон Дьюи. The Schools of Utopia & Schools of To-morrow (Illustrated)

The Schools of Utopia & Schools of Tomorrow (Illustrated)

Reading suggestions

Table of Contents

Schools Of To-morrow

Preface

Chapter I. Education As Natural Development

Chapter II. An Experiment In Education As Natural Development

Chapter III. Four Factors In Natural Growth

Chapter IV. The Reorganization Of The Curriculum

Chapter V. Play

Chapter VI. Freedom And Individuality

Chapter VII. The Relation Of The School To The Community

Chapter VIII. The School As A Social Settlement

Chapter IX. Industry And Educational Readjustment

Chapter X. Education Through Industry

Chapter XI. Democracy And Education

The Schools of Utopia

Parenthood Required

Learning by Association

Emphasis on Development

The Inevitability of Learning

Relation to Economic Ideas

Attainments vs. Capacities

Отрывок из книги

John Dewey

The Schools of Utopia

.....

The passage shows how far Rousseau was from considering bodily development as a complete end in itself. It also indicates how far ahead he was of the psychology of his own day in his conception of the relation of the senses to knowledge. The current idea (and one that prevails too much even in our own time) was that the senses were a sort of gateway and avenue through which impressions traveled and then built up knowledge pictures of the world. Rousseau saw that they are a part of the apparatus of action by which we adjust ourselves to our environment, and that instead of being passive receptacles they are directly connected with motor activities—with the use of hands and legs. In this respect he was more advanced than some of his successors who emphasized the importance of sense contact with objects, for the latter thought of the senses simply as purveyors of information about objects instead of instruments of the necessary adjustments of human beings to the world around them.

Consequently, while he makes much of the senses and suggests many games for cultivating them, he never makes the mere training of the senses an object on its own account. “It is not enough,” he says, “to use the senses in order to train them; we must learn to judge by their means—we cannot really see, hear, or touch except as we have learned. A merely mechanical use of the senses may strengthen the body without improving the judgment. It is all very well to swim, run, jump, whip a top, throw stones. But we have eyes and ears as well as arms and legs, and these organs are necessary for learning the use of the rest. Do not, then, merely exercise strength, but exercise the senses as the powers by which strength is guided. Make the best use of every one of them, and check the results of one by another. Measure, count, weigh, compare. Do not use force till you have estimated the resistance; let estimation of the effect always precede application of the means. Get the child interested in avoiding superfluous and insufficient efforts. If you train him to calculate the consequences of what he does and then to correct the errors of his prevision by experience, the more he does, the wiser he will become.”

.....

Добавление нового отзыва

Комментарий Поле, отмеченное звёздочкой  — обязательно к заполнению

Отзывы и комментарии читателей

Нет рецензий. Будьте первым, кто напишет рецензию на книгу The Schools of Utopia & Schools of To-morrow (Illustrated)
Подняться наверх