Schools of to-morrow

Schools of to-morrow
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"Schools of to-morrow" by John Dewey, Evelyn Dewey. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

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Джон Дьюи. Schools of to-morrow

Schools of to-morrow

Table of Contents

PREFACE

SCHOOLS OF TO-MORROW. CHAPTER I. EDUCATION AS NATURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER II. AN EXPERIMENT IN EDUCATION AS NATURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER III. FOUR FACTORS IN NATURAL GROWTH

CHAPTER IV. THE REORGANIZATION OF THE CURRICULUM

CHAPTER V. PLAY

CHAPTER VI. FREEDOM AND INDIVIDUALITY

CHAPTER VII. THE RELATION OF THE SCHOOL TO THE COMMUNITY

CHAPTER VIII. THE SCHOOL AS A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT

CHAPTER IX. INDUSTRY AND EDUCATIONAL READJUSTMENT

CHAPTER X. EDUCATION THROUGH INDUSTRY

CHAPTER XI. DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION

Отрывок из книги

John Dewey, Evelyn Dewey

Published by Good Press, 2021

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The passage shows how far Rousseau was from considering bodily development as a complete end in itself. It also indicates how far ahead he was of the psychology of his own day in his conception of the relation of the senses to knowledge. The current idea (and one that prevails too much even in our own time) was that the senses were a sort of gateway and avenue through which impressions traveled and then built up knowledge pictures of the world. Rousseau saw that they are a part of the apparatus of action by which we adjust ourselves to our environment, and that instead of being passive receptacles they are directly connected with motor activities—with the use of hands and legs. In this respect he was more advanced than some of his successors who emphasized the importance of sense contact with objects, for the latter thought of the senses simply as purveyors of information about objects instead of instruments of the necessary adjustments of human beings to the world around them.

Consequently, while he makes much of the senses and suggests many games for cultivating them, he never makes the mere training of the senses an object on its own account. “It is not enough,” he says, “to use the senses in order to train them; we must learn to judge by their means—we cannot really see, hear, or touch except as we have learned. A merely mechanical use of the senses may strengthen the body without improving the judgment. It is all very well to swim, run, jump, whip a top, throw stones. But we have eyes and ears as well as arms and legs, and these organs are necessary for learning the use of the rest. Do not, then, merely exercise strength, but exercise the senses as the powers by which strength is guided. Make the best use of every one of them, and check the results of one by another. Measure, count, weigh, compare. Do not use force till you have estimated the resistance; let estimation of the effect always precede application of the means. Get the child interested in avoiding superfluous and insufficient efforts. If you train him to calculate the consequences of what he does and then to correct the errors of his prevision by experience, the more he does, the wiser he will become.”

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