Читать книгу Ethics - Джон Дьюи - Страница 51

[48] M. Arnold, "Hebraism and Hellenism," in Culture and Anarchy, ch. iv.

[49] The Hebrew and Greek words for sin both mean "to miss."

[50] The general function of punishment as bringing home to the individual the consciousness of guilt and thus awakening the action of conscience, has an illustration in Shakespere's conception of the prayer of Henry Vth before the battle of Agincourt. In ordinary life the bluff King Harry devotes little time to meditation upon his own sin or that of his father, but on the eve of possible calamity the old crime rises fresh before him. Stimulated by the thought of an actual penalty to be imposed by a recognized authority, he cried: "Not to-day, O Lord! Oh, not to-day! Think not upon the fault my father made in compassing the crown."

[51] Recent excavations are held to confirm the prophets on this (Marti, Religion of the Old Testament, pp. 78 ff.).

[52] Job 27:1–6.

[53] Genung, Job, The Epic of the Inner Life.

[54] See Atonement in Literature and in Life, by Charles A. Dinsmore. Boston, 1906.

[55] Numbers 16, Joshua 7.

[56] John 9:2.

[57] Hammurabi's code showed a disregard of intent which would make surgery a dangerous profession: "If a physician operate on a man for a severe wound with a bronze lancet and cause the man's death; or open an abscess [in the eye] of a man with a bronze lancet and destroy the man's eye, they shall cut off his fingers." Early German and English law is just as naïve. If a weapon was left to be repaired at a smith's and was then caught up or stolen and used to do harm, the original owner was held responsible.

[58] Numbers 35, Deuteronomy 19, Joshua 20.

[59] Mark 7:1–23.

[60] Hosea 2:5.

[61] H. P. Smith, Old Testament History, p. 222.

[62] Habakkuk 3:17, 18.

[63] The Song of Songs.