Читать книгу Rogers' Directory of Norwich and Neighbourhood - Edmund Dawson Rogers - Страница 7

The present structure is considered by some to be mainly the work of Bishop Alnwyck, temp. 1430, and this prelate is generally supposed to have completed the cloisters—one of the finest quadrangles in the kingdom, commenced by Ralph de Walpole in 1297. The edifice is principally in the Norman style. The nave is divided into fourteen semi-circular arches; its roof is attributed to Walter Lyhart, the second bishop after Alnwyck. The large west window has recently been filled in with stained glass, as a memorial to Bishop Stanley. The nave itself contains the tombs or monuments of Chancellor Spencer, Bishop Nix, Bishop Parkhurst, Dean Gardiner, Sir James Hobart, (Attorney-General to Henry VIII.) and Bishop Stanley; while in the church are the monuments of Bishops Goldwell (1472) and Bathurst. Attached to the Cathedral were several chapels, but these have mostly been demolished. The interior generally suffered much defacement at the hands of the iconoclasts of the 16th and 17th centuries; in 1740 the nave and aisles were repaired, and in 1806 the whole fabric was restored and beautified.

The present bishop—appointed in 1857—is the Right Rev. J. T. Pelham, D.D. Dean—the Hon. and Very Rev. G. Pellew, D.D. Archdeacons—Norwich, Ven. R. E. Hankinson; Norfolk, Ven. W. A. Bouverie; Suffolk, Ven. T. J. Ormerod. Canons—Revs. M. Wodehouse, A. Sedgwick, G. Archdall, and H. Philpott; besides 23 honorary and 4 minor canons.

All Saints, a small structure, with a square tower and three bells, contains an antique font with curiously carved figures of St. Paul and other apostles. The living is consolidated with St. Julian, and the joint benefices were returned in 1831 at £246 per annum. The Rev. T. Gurney is rector.

St. Andrew, next to St. Peter Mancroft, the finest church in the city—was rebuilt in 1506. The font is massive. In the north aisle is a costly monument, with effigies of Sir John and Lady Suckling, of whom there is an annual commemoration. The curacy is in the gift of the parishioners; the Rev. A. C. Copeman was elected in 1857. Out of the proceeds of the sale of the church ornaments at the Reformation, the parish paid £17 towards the repair of the gates and walls, and £20 to that of the Great Hospital—both injured in Kett’s rebellion.

St. Augustine, an unpretending edifice, with a tower and three bells. Rev. M. J. Rackham, rector.

St. Benedict, a small building with a round tower. The parishioners are the patrons; perpetual curate—Rev. W. Goodwin.

St. Clement, one of the most ancient fabrics in the city. In the churchyard is the tomb of the parents of Archbishop Parker, rebuilt over the original, in 1823, by Caius College; and also the “Leper’s tomb.” Rev. R. Rigg, rector.

St. Edmund, a small structure, founded in the time of the Conqueror, has a tower and one bell. Among the relics formerly preserved here, was a piece of the shirt of St. Edward the King and Martyr, kept in a box of crystal, and visited with great reverence. The Rev. G. B. Everett, rector.

St. Etheldred is a small fabric, with a short tower and one bell. In the burial-ground was formerly an anchorage, which continued till after the Reformation. Rev. J. Deacon incumbent.

St. George at Colegate is a large, handsome, gothic structure, rebuilt at different periods, and has a lofty tower. In the chancel is a fine altar tomb to Robert Jannis, a great benefactor to this church; and near it a beautiful mural monument to John Herring, Esq. The window over the communion table is of stained glass. In a vault is buried the elder Crome, the distinguished painter, who died in 1821. The Rev. A. W. Durdin, incumbent.

St. George at Tombland consists of a nave, chancel, and side aisles, and has a handsome square tower; it was erected by the parishioners in 1445. In the interior are spacious galleries, and many monumental inscriptions. Rev. K. Trimmer, incumbent.

St. Giles, founded in the reign of William the Conqueror, by Elwyn the priest, who gave it to the monks of Norwich, was rebuilt in the reign of Richard II., and is now one of the handsomest churches in the city. The tower, 120 feet high, contains a clock and eight bells, and is surrounded by a cupola and battlement. The chancel has been demolished since 1581, when the dean and chapter, to quit themselves of the expense of repairing it, gave all the materials to the parish, for “a stock to be put out for the encouragement of poor trades.” There are many curious old brasses, and several neat mural monuments. Rev. R. Sedgwick incumbent.

St. Gregory is a lofty gothic structure, consisting of nave, side aisles, and chancel, the latter built in 1395; since which, the whole pile has received many reparations. The font is very large, having an octagonal top, and on its eight sides the four evangelists, and figures emblematic of the four quarters of the globe. In the nave is a fine brass reading-desk, in the shape of an eagle with expanded wings. Among the monuments is one to Sir Francis Bacon, a Judge of the Court of King’s Bench, in the time of Charles II. Here are also some ancient brass inscriptions. Rev. W. R. Sharpe, incumbent.

St. Helen—or the Great Hospital, previously mentioned as founded by Bishop Suffield, was originally built like a cathedral, in the form of a cross, with nave, tower, aisles, and transept; the tower is all that remains entire, but the cloisters are still almost perfect. The men’s apartments occupy the refectory and part of the nave and aisles, while the choir is appropriated to the women’s. Rev. W. F. Patteson, incumbent.

St. James’ (with Pockthorpe), is a small building, rebuilt in 1743. The font has some fine panel carvings. Rev. J. Ross, incumbent.

St. John Maddermarket, a handsome church, consisting of nave, side aisles, and a fine tower, was founded before the survey made in Edward the Confessor’s time. The lead was removed, and the roof covered with slate in 1835. It contains many ancient sepulchral inscriptions, with a few brasses and several neat mural tablets. Lady Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk (second wife of the duke beheaded in Elizabeth’s reign), died at the Duke’s Palace in 1563, and was interred with great pomp on the north side of the choir, where a mural monument was raised to her memory in 1791. Rev. J. Perowne, rector.

St. John Sepulchre was founded before the Norman conquest. Rev. T. Calvert, incumbent.

St. John at Timberhill, so called from the timber market formerly held on the plain adjacent, has a small wooden steeple, in place of the tower which fell down in 1784. Rev. S. Titlow, incumbent.

St. Julian, the smallest church in the city, and one of the oldest, was founded before the Conquest, and had an anchorage or hermitage in the churchyard.

St. Lawrence is an ancient Gothic fabric, with a fine tower; was rebuilt in 1472. Over the west door are two ancient carvings, one representing the martyrdom of St. Lawrence. Rev. P. U. Brown, rector.

St. Margaret has a square tower, in which were five bells till 1830, when four of them were sold to assist in defraying the expense of covering the structure with blue slate. Rev. J. W. Cobb, rector.

St. Mary at Coslany was built in 1477, and contains six antique stalls. Rev. C. Morse, incumbent.

St. Martin at Oak derived the latter part of its name from a large oak, formerly standing in the churchyard, with the image of St. Mary in it. This was much visited in superstitious times, and several legacies were given towards repairing and painting it. The oak now standing on the site was planted about 60 years ago. On an alabaster tomb are effigies of Jeremiah Ravens and his wife. Rev. C. Caldwell, incumbent.

St. Martin at Palace is an ancient structure, where, in early times, a boys’ singing school was kept. Rev. A. Braddell, incumbent.

St. Michael at Coslany is a handsome structure, with a lofty embattled tower, containing a clock and eight musical bells. The interior of the church is handsomely decorated. The altar-piece represents the Ascension, and the four evangelists; and the floor in front is paved with black and white marble, from the domestic chapel of the Earl of Yarmouth, at Oxnead. On the south side is Thorp chapel, erected in 1508, of flint and freestone, and one of the finest specimens of flint-work in the county. The church contains a very old font, several mural monuments, and some ancient brasses. Rev. R. Rigg, rector.

St. Michael at Plea, so named from the Archdeacon of Norwich holding in it his Pleas or Courts, is built in the form of a cross, and has a square embattled tower. There are some ancient paintings near the pulpit, well worthy of inspection. Rev. C. Morse, rector.

St. Michael at Thorn—a large thorn tree still grows in the graveyard—is a small structure, with a tower, built in 1436. Criminals executed at the castle were formerly buried in the churchyard. Rev. C. T. Rust, incumbent.

St. Paul is a small structure with a round tower, and is in a dilapidated state. Rev. B. Cook, rector.

St. Peter Hungate, so called from the bishop’s hounds being formerly kept in the parish, is built of flint and stone. Rev. S. Titlow, rector.

St. Peter of Mancroft, the finest church in the city, was rebuilt of white stone in 1455. It has a noble tower, 98 ft. high, with a splendid peal of twelve bells, exchanged for the old peal of ten in 1775, at a cost of £800. The font stands under a canopy supported by pillars, forming a baptistry on a raised platform, which there is room enough to walk round. The church was greatly beautified about twenty years ago, by the putting in stained glass windows, with figures of the apostles. Among the church plate is a beautiful large cup cover, on which is represented Abigail bringing presents to David, presented by Sir Peter Gleane, 1633. In the vestry is a portrait of Sir Thomas Browne, who was buried here, and whose coffin was accidentally broken open in 1840, when the skeleton was found in a good state of preservation. Several old books are also preserved in the vestry, including a manuscript bible of 1340, and a beautifully illuminated copy of St. Paul’s Epistles, much more ancient. In the church are many monuments and inscriptions. The parishioners are patrons, and the Rev. C. Turner is incumbent.

St. Peter per Mountergate—so named from a gate formerly adjacent—was erected in 1486. In the chancel are twenty-four stalls, which belonged to a college of secular priests that stood in the churchyard. South of the altar are the tomb and effigies of R. Berney, Esq., and his wife; and in the nave is interred Thomas Codd, mayor during Kett’s rebellion.

St. Peter of Southgate is an ancient building, with a square tower. Rev. J. Deacon, rector.

St. Saviour, a small fabric, dedicated to the Transfiguration, has a square embattled tower, and contains several neat mural monuments. In Bishop Oxford’s time it was appropriated to the almoner of the cathedral convent. Rev. W. H. Cooke, incumbent.

St. Simon and Jude contains some ancient brasses, and several monuments and effigies of the Pettus’ family, upon one of which is a recumbent figure, in complete armour, of Sir J. Pettus, the first of the family who was knighted. The church is of great antiquity, and was held by the bishops before the removal of the see to Norwich. Rev. C. Holloway, rector.

St. Stephen is a commodious gothic structure, with two side chapels, and a square tower at the west end. The nave is divided from the aisles by fluted columns with pointed arches, and the east window is richly beautified with stained glass. There are several old brasses and many mural tablets. In the vestry is a manuscript description of the church, written by Benjamin Mackerell, author of a history of Lynn; also a curious old alabaster carving. The church has lately undergone repairing and restoration. Rev. E. Evans, vicar.

St. Swithin is a neat structure, with a square tower and three bells. During the cleansing of the church in 1834, an ancient portrait of Edward the Confessor was found nailed under one of the seats, where it is supposed to have been placed for security during the civil wars. The altar-piece is a painting of Moses and Aaron. On the font are carved emblems of the Trinity, Eucharist, and the Passion, with the arms of East Anglia. Here are also three stalls. Rev. R. C. Cavell, rector.

The following are the churches in the hamlets of the city:—

Christchurch (New Catton), which is in the parish of St. Clement, was erected in 1841. It is built of brick and flint, and cost £2500. Rev. R. Wade, incumbent.

St. John the Baptist (Old Lakenham), situate on a declivity commanding a fine prospect; has a handsome font. The vicarage is united to Trowse Newton. Rev. G. Carter, incumbent.

St. Mark (New Lakenham) was erected in 1844, and has 1000 sittings. It cost upwards of £4000; and has a nave, tower, and three bells. Rev. G. I. Pellew, incumbent.

St. Matthew (Thorpe Hamlet) was built in 1851, of Kentish rag-stone. Rev. G. W. Grogan, incumbent.

St. Bartholomew (Heigham), a small edifice, contains a mural monument to Bishop Hall, who was buried here. Rev. G. C. Hoste, rector.

Trinity (or the Episcopal) Chapel, situate in Union place, Heigham, was originally a Baptist place of worship, but was consecrated in 1839. The rector of Heigham is the officiating minister.

St. Andrew (Eaton) is an ancient edifice, having a thatched roof. It lies near the river Yare, which separates the county of Norwich from the county of Norfolk. The father of Henry Kirk White was buried here. Rev. G. Day, incumbent.

St. Mary (Earlham), also on the Yare, is a picturesque structure, bedecked with ivy. Rev. J. H. Payne, rector.

St. Mary (Hellesdon) stands just within the city boundary, part of the burial ground being in the county. The rectory is consolidated with Drayton. Rev. H. Howell, rector.