Читать книгу The Cultivation and Manufacture of Tea - Edward Money - Страница 18
Western Dooars.
ОглавлениеWhen the second edition of this work was printed, this district was unknown as Tea locality.
My attention was directed to it in 1874; I was the second who planted Tea in it, and I have now completed a garden there.
As regards climate, soil, and lay of land, it is perfect, and I believe it will eventually prove the most paying district in India for Tea.
The Northern Bengal Railway, just opened, gives it great advantages for transport.
Having now discussed each district, all of which, except the Dehra Dhoon, I have seen, I give, in further elucidation, Meteorological Tables. For those not mentioned in the tables I have failed to acquire the necessary information.
My thanks are due to Dr. Coates, at Hazareebaugh, for his kindness in supplying me with much of the data from which the following tables are framed:—
TABLE OF ELEVATION AND TEMPERATURE OF TEA LOCALITIES.
N.B.—The exact temperature of other Tea Districts not being known, I have confined myself to these; but general remarks on the elevation and temperature of other Tea localities will be found elsewhere.
| Districts | Place | Elevation in feet | Details | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | D.J.F. | M.A.M. | J.J.A. | S.O.N. | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | Goalparah | 386 | Monthly Temp. | 61·7 | 63·0 | 72·6 | 77·6 | 76·0 | 80·3 | 82·1 | 81·6 | 80·5 | 77·5 | 69·0 | 64·6 | 63·1 | 75·4 | 81·3 | 75·6 | 73·8 |
| Do. Max. | 77·2 | 87·9 | 94·0 | 97·0 | 91·0 | 91·0 | 92·0 | 91·5 | 92·0 | 89·0 | 84·3 | 78·3 | ||||||||
| Do. Min. | 49·0 | 48·0 | 57·2 | 62·6 | 67·0 | 70·0 | 73·7 | 73·0 | 70·1 | 62·3 | 50·8 | 50·0 | ||||||||
| Gowhatty | 134 | Monthly Temp. | 63·6 | 67·6 | 74·5 | 77·4 | 80·4 | 81·8 | 83·0 | 82·9 | 82·2 | 79·2 | 71·1 | 65·5 | 65·6 | 77·4 | 82·6 | 77·5 | 75·8 | |
| Seebsaugor | 370 | Monthly Temp. | 60·0 | 64·1 | 69·3 | 73·8 | 78·5 | 82·4 | 83·6 | 83·5 | 83·1 | 78·3 | 69·4 | 62·4 | 62·2 | 73·7 | 83·2 | 76·9 | 74·0 | |
| Debrooghur | 396 | Monthly Temp. | 62·2 | 63·4 | 71·3 | 72·7 | 77·1 | 80·7 | 83·7 | 81·8 | 81·0 | 75·6 | 67·4 | 61·0 | 62·2 | 73·7 | 82·1 | 74·7 | 73·2 | |
| Cachar | Cachar | 76 | Monthly Temp. | 62·9 | 66·6 | 73·4 | 76·8 | 80·9 | 82·2 | 83·3 | 81·7 | 81·2 | 79·6 | 70·6 | 65·4 | 64·9 | 77·0 | 82·4 | 77·1 | 75·3 |
| Chittagong | Chittagong | 191 | Monthly Temp. | 68·5 | 72·3 | 80·5 | 83·5 | 84·5 | 84·0 | 82·2 | 82·3 | 83·0 | 81·6 | 73·7 | 68·9 | 69·9 | 82·8 | 82·8 | 79·4 | 78·7 |
| Darjeeling | Darjeeling | 6952 | Monthly Temp. | 42.2 | 43.8 | 52.0 | 58.7 | 62.1 | 63.7 | 64.9 | 64.4 | 63.0 | 57.3 | 49.4 | 44.7 | 43.5 | 57.6 | 64.3 | 58.4 | 55.9 |
| Do. Max. | 62·0 | 66·0 | 72·0 | 78·0 | 79·0 | 79·0 | 79·0 | 75·0 | 80·0 | 78·0 | 69·0 | 60·0 | ||||||||
| Do. Min. | 32·0 | 28·0 | 39·0 | 48·0 | 48·0 | 57·0 | 58·0 | 59·0 | 57·0 | 44·0 | 38·0 | 33·0 | ||||||||
| Chota Nagpore | Hazareebaugh | 2010 | Monthly Temp. | 62.7 | 67.1 | 73.7 | 85.6 | 88.6 | 83.8 | 77.8 | 79.3 | 77.5 | 72.6 | 64.8 | 61.4 | 63.7 | 82.6 | 80.3 | 71.6 | 74.5 |
| Do. Max. | 82·0 | 91·0 | 94·0 | 107·0 | 100·0 | 103·0 | 89·0 | 88·0 | 87·0 | 84·0 | 78·0 | 76·0 | ||||||||
| Do. Min. | 44·0 | 46·4 | 55·0 | 67·0 | 72·0 | 71·0 | 71·0 | 73·0 | 70·0 | 59·0 | 52·0 | 44·0 | ||||||||
| Neilgherries | Ootacamund | 7490 | Monthly Temp. | 51·5 | 52·8 | 57·3 | 60·1 | 60·8 | 57·9 | 55·8 | 56·1 | 56·4 | 55·9 | 53·9 | 51·9 | 52·1 | 59·4 | 56·6 | 55·4 | 55·9 |
| Districts | Place | Elevation in feet | Details | January | February | March | April | May |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | Goalparah | 386 | Monthly Temp. | 61·7 | 63·0 | 72·6 | 77·6 | 76·0 |
| Do. Max. | 77·2 | 87·9 | 94·0 | 97·0 | 91·0 | |||
| Do. Min. | 49·0 | 48·0 | 57·2 | 62·6 | 67·0 | |||
| Gowhatty | 134 | Monthly Temp. | 63·6 | 67·6 | 74·5 | 77·4 | 80·4 | |
| Seebsaugor | 370 | Monthly Temp. | 60·0 | 64·1 | 69·3 | 73·8 | 78·5 | |
| Debrooghur | 396 | Monthly Temp. | 62·2 | 63·4 | 71·3 | 72·7 | 77·1 | |
| Cachar | Cachar | 76 | Monthly Temp. | 62·9 | 66·6 | 73·4 | 76·8 | 80·9 |
| Chittagong | Chittagong | 191 | Monthly Temp. | 68·5 | 72·3 | 80·5 | 83·5 | 84·5 |
| Darjeeling | Darjeeling | 6952 | Monthly Temp. | 42.2 | 43.8 | 52.0 | 58.7 | 62.1 |
| Do. Max. | 62·0 | 66·0 | 72·0 | 78·0 | 79·0 | |||
| Do. Min. | 32·0 | 28·0 | 39·0 | 48·0 | 48·0 | |||
| Chota Nagpore | Hazareebaugh | 2010 | Monthly Temp. | 62.7 | 67.1 | 73.7 | 85.6 | 88.6 |
| Do. Max. | 82·0 | 91·0 | 94·0 | 107·0 | 100·0 | |||
| Do. Min. | 44·0 | 46·4 | 55·0 | 67·0 | 72·0 | |||
| Neilgherries | Ootacamund | 7490 | Monthly Temp. | 51·5 | 52·8 | 57·3 | 60·1 | 60·8 |
| June | July | August | September | October | November | December | D.J.F. | M.A.M. | J.J.A. | S.O.N. | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80·3 | 82·1 | 81·6 | 80·5 | 77·5 | 69·0 | 64·6 | 63·1 | 75·4 | 81·3 | 75·6 | 73·8 |
| 91·0 | 92·0 | 91·5 | 92·0 | 89·0 | 84·3 | 78·3 | |||||
| 70·0 | 73·7 | 73·0 | 70·1 | 62·3 | 50·8 | 50·0 | |||||
| 81·8 | 83·0 | 82·9 | 82·2 | 79·2 | 71·1 | 65·5 | 65·6 | 77·4 | 82·6 | 77·5 | 75·8 |
| 82·4 | 83·6 | 83·5 | 83·1 | 78·3 | 69·4 | 62·4 | 62·2 | 73·7 | 83·2 | 76·9 | 74·0 |
| 80·7 | 83·7 | 81·8 | 81·0 | 75·6 | 67·4 | 61·0 | 62·2 | 73·7 | 82·1 | 74·7 | 73·2 |
| 82·2 | 83·3 | 81·7 | 81·2 | 79·6 | 70·6 | 65·4 | 64·9 | 77·0 | 82·4 | 77·1 | 75·3 |
| 84·0 | 82·2 | 82·3 | 83·0 | 81·6 | 73·7 | 68·9 | 69·9 | 82·8 | 82·8 | 79·4 | 78·7 |
| 63.7 | 64.9 | 64.4 | 63.0 | 57.3 | 49.4 | 44.7 | 43.5 | 57.6 | 64.3 | 58.4 | 55.9 |
| 79·0 | 79·0 | 75·0 | 80·0 | 78·0 | 69·0 | 60·0 | |||||
| 57·0 | 58·0 | 59·0 | 57·0 | 44·0 | 38·0 | 33·0 | |||||
| 83.8 | 77.8 | 79.3 | 77.5 | 72.6 | 64.8 | 61.4 | 63.7 | 82.6 | 80.3 | 71.6 | 74.5 |
| 103·0 | 89·0 | 88·0 | 87·0 | 84·0 | 78·0 | 76·0 | |||||
| 71·0 | 71·0 | 73·0 | 70·0 | 59·0 | 52·0 | 44·0 | |||||
| 57·9 | 55·8 | 56·1 | 56·4 | 55·9 | 53·9 | 51·9 | 52·1 | 59·4 | 56·6 | 55·4 | 55·9 |
N.B.—The letters in the columns, between December and the year, refer to months; thus, D. J. F. is December, January, February. The figures show the average temperature during those months.
TABLE OF LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, AND RAINFALL OF TEA LOCALITIES.
N.B.—The exact rainfalls of other Tea Districts not being known, I have confined myself to these; but general remarks on the rainfall in other Tea localities will be found elsewhere.
| Districts | Place | Latitude | Longitude | Details | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | Goalparah | 26°11′ | 90°36′ | Average rain, several years | 0·42 | 0·76 | 1·84 | 4·85 | 11·72 | 23·72 | 21·33 | 12·69 | 10·93 | 5·61 | 0·39 | 0·20 | 94·44 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 19 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 15 | 5 | Nil | Nil | 119 | ||||
| Gowhatty | 26° 5′ | 91°43′ | Average rain, several years | 0·70 | 1·43 | 1·48 | 7·27 | 10·92 | 13·29 | 13·08 | 11·98 | 6·82 | 3·20 | 0·47 | 0·12 | 70·76 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 2 | Nil | 1 | 84 | ||||
| Seebsaugor | 27° 2′ | 94°39′ | Average rain, several years | 1·18 | 2·43 | 3·77 | 10·15 | 11·04 | 15·56 | 14·87 | 13·88 | 11·13 | 4·46 | 1·29 | 0·69 | 90·45 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 22 | 13 | 19 | 23 | 17 | 8 | Nil | 2 | 147 | ||||
| Cachar | Cachar | 24°48′ | 92°43′ | Average rain, several years | 0·50 | 3·53 | 6·09 | 12·69 | 16·12 | 19·55 | 24·58 | 16·84 | 13·90 | 7·77 | 7·03 | 0·79 | 123·3 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 25 | 19 | 8 | Nil | Nil | 145 | ||||
| Chittagong | Chittagong | 22°20′ | 91°44′ | Average rain, several years | 0·37 | 1·62 | 1·31 | 5·46 | 9·42 | 22·92 | 22·54 | 23·04 | 13·01 | 5·93 | 2·30 | 0·55 | 108·47 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 14 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 17 | 5 | Nil | 1 | 113 | ||||
| Hill Tracts | ? | ? | Rain in 1869 | Nil | 1·90 | 1·50 | 12·55 | 9·00 | 12·50 | 18·20 | 14·30 | 12·70 | 5·70 | Nil | 0·50 | 88·85 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | Nil | 4 | 4 | 7 | 13 | 16 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 4 | Nil | 1 | 109 | ||||
| Darjeeling | Darjeeling | 27° 3′ | 88°18′ | Average rain, several years | 0·76 | 1·60 | 1·65 | 3·62 | 7·01 | 27·50 | 29·40 | 29·09 | 18·06 | 6·56 | 0·20 | 0·14 | 129·50 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 22 | 24 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 148 | ||||
| Western Dooars[11] | ? | ? | Rain in 1869 | 0·80 | 2·00 | 1·50 | 6·60 | 25·30 | 27·30 | 46·50 | 83·50 | 46·50 | 9·60 | ? | 2·40 | 252·00 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 28 | 22 | 5 | ? | ? | ? | ||||
| Chota Nagpore | Hazareebaugh | 24° 0′ | 85°20′ | Average rain, several years | 0·42 | 0·52 | 0·75 | 0·42 | 1·37 | 10·99 | 14·63 | 11·44 | 6·26 | 3·51 | 0·19 | 0·02 | 50·52 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 4 | Nil | 7 | Nil | 5 | 11 | 24 | 16 | 21 | 9 | Nil | 1 | 98 |
| Districts | Place | Latitude | Longitude | Details | January | February | March | April |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assam | Goalparah | 26°11′ | 90°36′ | Average rain, several years | 0·42 | 0·76 | 1·84 | 4·85 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | ||||
| Gowhatty | 26° 5′ | 91°43′ | Average rain, several years | 0·70 | 1·43 | 1·48 | 7·27 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | ||||
| Seebsaugor | 27° 2′ | 94°39′ | Average rain, several years | 1·18 | 2·43 | 3·77 | 10·15 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 13 | ||||
| Cachar | Cachar | 24°48′ | 92°43′ | Average rain, several years | 0·50 | 3·53 | 6·09 | 12·69 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 16 | ||||
| Chittagong | Chittagong | 22°20′ | 91°44′ | Average rain, several years | 0·37 | 1·62 | 1·31 | 5·46 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| Hill Tracts | ? | ? | Rain in 1869 | Nil | 1·90 | 1·50 | 12·55 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | Nil | 4 | 4 | 7 | ||||
| Darjeeling | Darjeeling | 27° 3′ | 88°18′ | Average rain, several years | 0·76 | 1·60 | 1·65 | 3·62 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | ||||
| Western Dooars[11] | ? | ? | Rain in 1869 | 0·80 | 2·00 | 1·50 | 6·60 | |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | ||||
| Chota Nagpore | Hazareebaugh | 24° 0′ | 85°20′ | Average rain, several years | 0·42 | 0·52 | 0·75 | 0·42 |
| Days rain fell in 1869 | 4 | Nil | 7 | Nil |
| May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11·72 | 23·72 | 21·33 | 12·69 | 10·93 | 5·61 | 0·39 | 0·20 | 94·44 |
| 19 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 15 | 5 | Nil | Nil | 119 |
| 10·92 | 13·29 | 13·08 | 11·98 | 6·82 | 3·20 | 0·47 | 0·12 | 70·76 |
| 16 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 2 | Nil | 1 | 84 |
| 11·04 | 15·56 | 14·87 | 13·88 | 11·13 | 4·46 | 1·29 | 0·69 | 90·45 |
| 22 | 13 | 19 | 23 | 17 | 8 | Nil | 2 | 147 |
| 16·12 | 19·55 | 24·58 | 16·84 | 13·90 | 7·77 | 7·03 | 0·79 | 123·3 |
| 18 | 20 | 18 | 25 | 19 | 8 | Nil | Nil | 145 |
| 9·42 | 22·92 | 22·54 | 23·04 | 13·01 | 5·93 | 2·30 | 0·55 | 108·47 |
| 14 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 17 | 5 | Nil | 1 | 113 |
| 9·00 | 12·50 | 18·20 | 14·30 | 12·70 | 5·70 | Nil | 0·50 | 88·85 |
| 13 | 16 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 4 | Nil | 1 | 109 |
| 7·01 | 27·50 | 29·40 | 29·09 | 18·06 | 6·56 | 0·20 | 0·14 | 129·50 |
| 17 | 23 | 26 | 22 | 24 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 148 |
| 25·30 | 27·30 | 46·50 | 83·50 | 46·50 | 9·60 | ? | 2·40 | 252·00 |
| 15 | 19 | 25 | 28 | 22 | 5 | ? | ? | ? |
| 1·37 | 10·99 | 14·63 | 11·44 | 6·26 | 3·51 | 0·19 | 0·02 | 50·52 |
| 5 | 11 | 24 | 16 | 21 | 9 | Nil | 1 | 98 |
I will now endeavour to draw up a tabular statement of the respective advantages of the various Tea districts as regards climate, labour, lay of land, soil, facilities of procuring manure and transport.
In importance I regard them in the order given. I place labour before soil, because the fact is, in all the provinces suitable and good soil for Tea can be found somewhere; and therefore, while soil is all important in selecting a site, it is secondary to labour in deciding on a district. Lay of land comes after labour. When my information on any point is not sure I place a note of interrogation. Where advantages are equal, or nearly so, I give the same number, and the greater the advantage of a district on the point treated in the column the smaller the number. Thus, under the head of Climate, Assam is marked 1.
As the following table gives no information as to which of all the districts possesses the greatest advantages, all things considered, but only gives my opinion of each under each head, and the subject closed in this way would be unsatisfactory, I may state that, in my opinion, the choice should lie between the three first and the last on the list; and my choice would be the last.
Comparative advantages of the Tea Districts in India as regards climate, labour, lay of land, soil, manure, and transport.
