Student Engagement Techniques
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Оглавление
Elizabeth F. Barkley. Student Engagement Techniques
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Student Engagement Techniques. A Handbook for College Faculty
Preface
Audience
Book Overview
Sources
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 What Does “Student Engagement” Mean?
About the Term
The Feeling Aspect of Engagement
The Thinking Aspect of Engagement
A Model of Student Engagement
Engaged Learning Behaviors
Documented Outcomes of Student Engagement
Can Teachers Actually Promote Student Engagement?
Meta-Research on Motivation Interventions
Meta-Research on Active Learning Strategies
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Engagement and Motivation
What Is Motivation?
What Motivates Students?
How Are Students Motivated?
Expectancy-Value Theory
Expectancy
Value
Temporal Motivation
Synthesis of Motivation Theories
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Engagement and Active Learning
What Is Learning?
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Humanism
A Perspective from Neuroscience
What Factors Influence Learning?
Schemata
Transfer
Similarity and Differences
Association
Context and Degree of Original Learning
Memory
Retention
What Is Active Learning?
What Are Active Learning Techniques?
The Relationship Between Active Learning and Active Learning Techniques
Conclusion
Chapter 4 Promoting Synergy Between Motivation and Active Learning
Condition 1: Teachers Can Promote Synergy by Creating a Sense of Classroom Community
Condition 2: Teachers Can Create Synergy by Helping Students Work at Their Optimal Level of Challenge
Assessment and Feedback
Summative, Formative, and Educative Assessment
Authentic Assessment
Metacognition
Empowering Students as Partners in theLearning Process
Condition 3: Teachers Can Create Synergy by Teaching so That Students Learn Holistically
The Affective Domain
Affect and Memory
Affect and Learning
The Psychomotor Domain
The Psychomotor Domain and Memory
Integrating the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Domains
Putting It All Together: The Engagement Process
Conclusion
Part Two Tips and Strategies
Tips and Strategies. Chapter 5: Tips and Strategies for Fostering Motivation
Chapter 6: Tips and Strategies for Promoting Active Learning
Chapter 7: Tips and Strategies for Building Community
Chapter 8: Tips and Strategies to Help Ensure Students Are Appropriately Challenged
Chapter 9: Tips and Strategies to Promote Holistic Learning
Chapter 5 Tips and Strategies for Fostering Motivation
T/S 1 Expect Engagement
T/S 2 Develop and Display the Qualities of Engaging Teachers
T/S 3 Reward Learning Rather Than Behavior
T/S 4 Use Praise and Criticism Effectively
T/S 5 Attend to Students' Basic Needs so That They Can Focus on the Higher-Level Needs Required for Learning
T/S 6 Promote Student Autonomy
T/S 7 Teach Things Worth Learning
T/S 8 Integrate Goals, Activities, and Assessment
Wiggins and McTighe's Backward Design(1998, 1999)
Fink's Significant Learning Experiences (2003)
Weimer (2002) and Blumberg's (2009) Learner-Centered Teaching
Biggs's Constructive Alignment (2014)
T/S 9: Craft Engaging Learning Tasks
T/S 10: Incorporate Competition Appropriately
T/S 11: Expect Students to Succeed
T/S 12 Help Students Expect to Succeed
T/S 13: Try to Rebuild the Confidence of Discouraged and Disengaged Students
Chapter 6 Tips and Strategies for Promoting Active Learning
T/S 14 Be Clear on Your Learning Goals
T/S 15 Clarify Your Role
T/S 16 Orient Students to Their New Roles
What Makes Teaching Active?
Obstacles to Active Learning
T/S 17 Help Students Develop Learning Strategies
T/S 18: Activate Prior Learning
T/S 19 Teach in Ways That Promote Effective Transfer
T/S 20 Teach for Retention
T/S 21 Limit and Chunk Information
T/S 22 Provide Opportunities for Guided Practice and Rehearsal
T/S 23 Organize Lectures in Ways That Promote Active Learning
T/S 24 Use Flipped, Reverse, or Inverted Classroom Organization
T/S 25 Use Rubrics to Give Learners Frequent and Useful Feedback
Chapter 7 Tips and Strategies for Building Community
T/S 26 Move Away from an Authoritarian Role
T/S 27 Plan for Promoting Class Civility
T/S 28 Create a Physical or Online Course EnvironmentThat Supports Community
T/S 29 Reduce Anonymity: Learn Students' Names and Help Students Learn Each Other's Names
T/S 30 Use Icebreakers as a Class Warm-Up
Social Icebreakers
Course Content Icebreakers
Course Policies and Procedures Icebreakers
T/S 31 Use Technology to Extend or Reinforce Community
T/S 32 Be Consciously Inclusive
T/S 33 Subdivide Large Classes into Smaller Groupings
T/S 34 Involve All Students in Discussion
T/S 35 Use Group Work Effectively
T/S 36 Use Intermissions
T/S 37 Celebrate Community
Chapter 8 Tips and Strategies to Ensure Students Are Challenged Appropriately
T/S 38 Assess Students' Starting Points
T/S 39 Monitor Class Pacing
T/S 40 Help Students Learn to Self-Assess
T/S 41 Differentiate Course Elements to Meet Individual Student Needs
T/S 42 Use Scaffolding to Provide Assistance for Complex Learning
Chapter 9 Tips and Strategies to Promote Holistic Learning
T/S 43 Pick Up the Pace to Hold Attention
T/S 44 Offer Options for Nonlinear Learning
T/S 45 Use Principles of Universal Design
T/S 46 Incorporate Games
T/S 47 Teach so That Students Use Multiple Processing Modes
T/S 48 Incorporate Multiple Domains When Identifying Learning Goals
The Cognitive Domain
The Taxonomy of the Affective Domain
The Psychomotor Domain
T/S 49 Include Learning Activities That Involve Physical Movement
T/S 50 Consider Creating a “Graphic Syllabus”
Part Three Student Engagement Techniques (SETs)
Origin of the SETs
How to Use the SETs
Format Used to Present the SETs
Number and Name
Essential Characteristics
Chapter 10 Knowledge, Skills, Recall, and Understanding
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 1 Background Knowledge Probe
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Political Science
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Algebra
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 2 Artifacts
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Remedial Math
Art History
American History
Geology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
Observations and Advice
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 3 Focused Reading Notes
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. English Literature
Music History
Ecology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 4 Quotes
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Shakespeare
Principles of Advertising
Biology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 5 Stations
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. African American Literature
Mathematics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 6 Team Jeopardy
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. History of the United States
Vertebrate Zoology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 7 Seminar
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Intro to American Literature
Cultural Anthropologys
Evolutionary Biology
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 11 Analysis and Critical Thinking
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 8 Classify
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Art Appreciation
Comparative Animal Physiology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 9 Frames
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to American Government and Politics
Workshop on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Chemistry
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 10 Believing and Doubting
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. General Biology
Medicinal Chemistry
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 11 Academic Controversy
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Art History
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Variation and Extensions
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 12 Split-Room Debate
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Educational Leadership
Medical Science
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 13 Analytic Teams
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Management Seminar
History of the Americas
Environmental Science
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 14 Book Club
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to American Government and Politics
Genetics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 15 Small Group Tutorials
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Philosophy
General Chemistry
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 12 Synthesis and Creative Thinking
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 16 Team Concept Maps
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Statics
History of the United States from 1877
Basic Two-Dimensional Design
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 17 Variations
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Music Theory and Composition
Christian Thought and Church History
Introduction to Engineering
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 18 Letters
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Honors Institute Seminar in Science
History of Constitutional Law
Ecology and Evolution
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 19 Role Play
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Psychology of Prejudice (Psychology/Social and Behavioral Sciences)
Oral Communication Skills I (ESL/Language and Communications)
History of the Vietnam War
Management Practices
Intro to Biology for Nonmajors
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 20 Poster Sessions
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Advanced Ceramics
Introduction to Physics
Music of Multicultural America
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 21 Class Book
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Composition, Critical Reading, and Thinking
Microbiology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 22 WebQuest
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Organic Chemistry
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 13 Problem Solving
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 23 What's the Problem?
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Critical Reading
Music Theory and Composition
THEORY OF PROBABILITY
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 24 Think Again!
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLE. Algebra
Introduction to Physics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 25 Think-Aloud-Pair-Problem Solving (TAPPS)
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. English as a Second Language
Introductory Statistics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 26 Proclamations
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Race and Ethnic Relations
Civil Engineering
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 27 Send-a-Problem
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Urban Planning
Advanced Pathophysiology and Patient Management
English Literature
Quantitative Analysis
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 28 Case Studies
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Physical Geology
Chemical Engineering
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 14 Application and Performance
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 29 Contemporary Issues Journal
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Applied Ethics
Music Business
Immunology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 30 Hearing the Subject
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Art Appreciation
Introduction to American Literature
Scientific Communication
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 31 Directed Paraphrase
PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Statics
Radiation Oncology
Honors Biology Seminar
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 32 Insights-Resources-Application (IRAs)
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Survey of International Business
Psychology of Gender
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 33 Jigsaw
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Masterpieces of American Literature
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
Pharmacology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 34 Field Trips
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Sociology
Humanities and the Modern Experience
DNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics
Environmental Science
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 15 Attitudes and Values
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 35 Autobiographical Reflections
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introductory Algebra
Ecology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 36 Dyadic Interviews
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Modern Literature
Dental Hygiene
Conservation Biology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 37 Circular Response
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Survey of American Literature
Intermediate French
Animal Behavior
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 38 Ethical Dilemmas
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. From Freshman Seminar (Study Skills/Personal Development)
Statistics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 39 Connected Communities
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. History of the Middle East and Comparative World Religions
Intermediate French
Triad Learning Community Involving Three Courses: Psychology as a Natural Science, Intro to Anthropology, and Composition—Social Issues
Environmental Engineering
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 40 Stand Where You Stand
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Sociology
Pre-Calculus
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 16 Self-Awareness as Learners
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 41 Learning Logs
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Freshman Seminar
Speech Communications
Computer Science
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 42 Critical Incident Questionnaire (CIQ)
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. General Psychology
Microbiology
Field Biology
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 43 Go for the Goal
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introductory Statistics
Entomology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 44 Post-Test Analysis
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. General Biology
Intro to Mechanical Engineering
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Chapter 17 Learning and Study Skills
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 45 In-Class Portfolio
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. General Psychology
Calculus I
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 46 Resource Scavenger Hunt
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Music History
Technology for Learning in Higher Education
Inorganic Chemistry
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCE
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 47 Formative Quiz
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Radiologic Technology State Board Preparation
Introductory Algebra
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 48 Crib Cards
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Introduction to Sociology
Endocrinology
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 49 Student-Generated Rubrics
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLE. Principles of Marketing
Freshman Composition
Physics
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
KEY RESOURCES
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT TECHNIQUE 50 Triad Listening
DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE
STEP-BY-STEP DIRECTIONS
ONLINE IMPLEMENTATION
EXAMPLES. Intercultural Communication/Speech
HUMANS AND CLIMATE CHANGE SEMINAR
OBSERVATIONS AND ADVICE
KEY RESOURCES
Appendix A Courses/Disciplines from Examples
Appendix B Key to SET Professor Names
Bibliography
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Отрывок из книги
Second Edition
Elizabeth F. Barkley
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What this intellectual effort and investment in learning boils down to is active learning. Bonwell and Eison (1991) neatly define active learning as “doing what we think and thinking about what we are doing” (p. iii). We distinguish between active learning, which consists of intellectual effort and deep processing, and active learning techniques. Active learning suggests that the mind is actively engaged. Its defining characteristics are that students are dynamic participants in their learning and that they are reflecting on and monitoring both the processes and the results of their learning. (Active learning techniques are instructional activities that help students achieve active learning.) As Cross (1998b) notes, a chess player may sit for hours without talking or moving, but with active mental engagement for studying the layout of the pieces and strategizing the next move. Highly skilled listeners who are involved in a lecture by self-questioning, analyzing, and incorporating new information into their existing knowledge are learning more actively than a student who is participating in a small group discussion that is off-task, redundant, or superfluous. It is this definition of active learning, where students take information or a concept and make it their own by connecting it to their existing knowledge and experience that is critical to student engagement. An engaged student actively examines, questions, and relates new ideas to old, thereby achieving the kind of deep learning that lasts. Active learning is fundamental to and underlies all aspects of student engagement.
Whether teachers think primarily of the feeling or thinking elements of student engagement, they are quick to point out that both are required. A classroom filled with enthusiastic, motivated students is great, but it is educationally meaningless if it does not result in learning. Conversely, students who are learning but doing so reluctantly and resentfully are not engaged, and they are probably not learning to the extent that they could be.
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