The Teaching of Epictetus

The Teaching of Epictetus
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Epictetus. The Teaching of Epictetus

INTRODUCTION

CLEANTHES’ HYMN TO ZEUS.7

BOOK I

CHAPTER I. the beginning of philosophy

CHAPTER II. on the natural conceptions

CHAPTER III. the master-faculty

CHAPTER IV. the nature of the good

CHAPTER V. the promise of philosophy

CHAPTER VI. the way of philosophy

CHAPTER VII. to the learner

CHAPTER VIII. the cynic.24

BOOK II

CHAPTER I. on genuine and borrowed beliefs

CHAPTER II. the game of life

CHAPTER III. things are what they are

CHAPTER IV. three steps to perfection

CHAPTER V. that a man may be both bold and fearful

CHAPTER VI52. the wise man’s fear and the fool’s

CHAPTER VII. appearances false and true

CHAPTER VIII. how we should think as god’s offspring

CHAPTER IX. the open door

CHAPTER X. know thyself

CHAPTER XI63. how we should bear ourselves towards evil men

CHAPTER XII. the voyage of life

CHAPTER XIII. the mark of effort

CHAPTER XIV. faculties

CHAPTER XV. returns

CHAPTER XVI. the price of tranquillity

CHAPTER XVII. a choice

CHAPTER XVIII. that where the heart is the bond is

CHAPTER XIX. that we lament not from within

CHAPTER XX. that a man may act his part but not choose it

CHAPTER XXI. distinctions

CHAPTER XXII. that a man is sufficient to himself

CHAPTER XXIII. that every man fulfill his own task

CHAPTER XXIV. the world’s price for the world’s worth

CHAPTER XXV. aims of nature

CHAPTER XXVI. the mind’s security

CHAPTER XXVII. that a man should be one man

BOOK III

CHAPTER I. obligations

CHAPTER II. against epicurus

CHAPTER III. against the epicureans and academics

CHAPTER IV. on slavery

CHAPTER V. to the administrator of the free cities, who was an epicurean

CHAPTER VI. on statecraft

CHAPTER VII. on friendship

CHAPTER VIII. time and change

CHAPTER IX. on solitude

CHAPTER X. against the contentious and revengeful

BOOK IV

CHAPTER I. of religion

CHAPTER II. of providence

CHAPTER III. of providence

CHAPTER IV. god in man

CHAPTER V. of divination.105

BOOK V

CHAPTER I. the behaviour of a philosopher

CHAPTER II. on habit

CHAPTER III. on disputation

CHAPTER IV. that we should be slow in accepting pleasure

CHAPTER V. that we should be open in our dealings

CHAPTER VI. that half true may be all false

CHAPTER VII. that each man play his own part

CHAPTER VIII. that we should be careful of the soul as of the body

CHAPTER IX. the measure of gain

CHAPTER X. the worth of women

CHAPTER XI. a dull nature

CHAPTER XII. of adornment of the person

CHAPTER XIII. why we should bear with wrong

CHAPTER XIV. that everything hath two handles

CHAPTER XV. on certain false conclusions

CHAPTER XVI. perception and judgment

CHAPTER XVII. that the philosopher shall exhibit to the vulgar deeds, not words

CHAPTER XVIII. ascesis

CHAPTER XIX. tokens

CHAPTER XX. that the logical art is necessary

CHAPTER XXI. grammarian or sage

CHAPTER XXII. ACCOMPLISHMENTS

CHAPTER XXIII. constancy

CHAPTER XXIV. how long?

CHAPTER XXV. parts of philosophy

CHAPTER XXVI. memorabilia.126

NOTES ON PRINCIPAL PHILOSOPHIC TERMS USED BY EPICTETUS

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1. Wouldst thou be good, then first believe that thou art evil.

2. The beginning of philosophy, at least with those who lay hold of it as they ought and enter by the door,9 is the consciousness of their own feebleness and incapacity in respect of necessary things.

.....

1. A certain Roman having entered with his son and listened to one lecture, “This,” said Epictetus, “is the manner of teaching;” and he was silent. But when the other prayed him to continue, he spake as follows: —

Every art is wearisome, in the learning of it, to the untaught and unskilled. Yet things that are made by the arts immediately declare their use, and for what they were made, and in most of them is something attractive and pleasing. And thus when a shoemaker is learning his trade it is no pleasure to stand by and observe him, but the shoe is useful, and moreover not unpleasing to behold. And the learning of a carpenter’s trade is very grievous to an untaught person who happens to be present, but the work done declares the need of the art. But far more is this seen in music, for if you are by where one is learning, it will appear the most painful of all instructions; but that which is produced by the musical art is sweet and delightful to hear, even to those who are untaught in it. And here we conceive the work of one who studies philosophy to be some such thing, that he must fit his desire to all events, so that nothing may come to pass against our will, nor may aught fail to come to pass that we wish for. Whence it results to those who so order it, that they never fail to obtain what they would, nor to avoid what they would not, living, as regards themselves, without pain, fear, or trouble; and as regards their fellows, observing all the relations, natural and acquired; as son or father, or brother or citizen, or husband or wife, or neighbor or fellow-traveler, or prince or subject. Such we conceive to be the work of one who pursues philosophy. And next we must inquire how this may come about.

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