Читать книгу Innovation in Clusters - Estelle Vallier - Страница 8

In France, innovation clusters are the result of a legislative and fiscal framework that has encouraged closer ties between science and industry for more than 30 years. In this context, the state, as well as international and European authorities, is particularly encouraging territories to develop clustering policies. However, this logic is not a new idea and has been the subject of work since the 19th century, under other names. The term cluster, on the other hand, was conceptualized in North American management literature in the 1990s and has found favor in most public policies in industrialized countries.