Читать книгу THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (Complete Edition In 2 Volumes) - Fiske John - Страница 2
Table of Contents
ОглавлениеVOLUME I CHAPTER I THE BEGINNINGS
Weakness of the sentiment of union
Franklin’s plan of union, 1754
Shirley recommends a stamp act
Declaration of the Massachusetts assembly
Resistance to the Stamp Act in Boston
Debate in the House of Commons
The Duke of Grafton’s ministry
Attack on the New York assembly
Parliament did not properly represent the British people
Representation of Americans in Parliament
His political legacy to George III.
English parties between 1760 and 1784
His chief reason for quarrelling with the Americans
The Massachusetts circular letter
Lord Hillsborough’s instructions to Bernard
Statute of Henry VIII. concerning “treason committed abroad”
Samuel Adams makes up his mind, 1768
Some lessons of the “Massacre”
Assemblies convened at strange places
The North Carolina “Regulators”
The committees of correspondence in Massachusetts
Intercolonial committees of correspondence
The question of taxation revived
How Boston became the battle-ground
Arrival of the tea; meeting at the Old South
The tea-ships placed under guard
The tea thrown into the harbour
Grandeur of the Boston Tea Party
How Parliament received the news
CHAPTER III THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
Belief that the Americans would not fight
Belief that Massachusetts would not be supported by the other colonies
Massachusetts nullifies the Regulating Act
John Hancock and Joseph Warren
The Suffolk County Resolves, Sept. 6, 1774
Provincial Congress in Massachusetts
Meeting of the Continental Congress, Sept. 5, 1774
Lord North’s mistaken hopes of securing New York
Warren’s oration at the Old South
Attempt to corrupt Samuel Adams.
Orders to arrest Adams and Hancock
Pitcairn fires upon the yeomanry, April 19, 1775
Retreating troops rescued by Lord Percy
The troops repulsed at Concord.
Retreat continued from Lexington to Charlestown
Rising of the country; the British besieged in Boston.
Mecklenburg County Resolves, May 31, 1775
Legend of the Mecklenburg “Declaration of Independence”
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen
Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, May 10, 1775
Second meeting of the Continental Congress, May 10, 1775
Appointment of Washington to command the Continental army
Arrival of Putnam, Stark, and Warren, June 17, 1775
Gage decides to try an assault
Third assault succeeds; the British take the hill
Excessive slaughter; significance of the battle
Washington arrives in Cambridge
Absence of governmental organization
New government of Massachusetts, July, 1775
Congress sends a petition to the king
The king issues a proclamation, and tries to hire troops from Russia
Burning of Portland, Oct 16, 1775
The Americans invade Canada, Sept., 1775
Arnold’s march through the wilderness of Maine
Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775
Total failure of the attempt upon Canada
Washington seizes Dorchester Heights March 4, 1776
The British troops evacuate Boston March 17, 1776
Effect of the hiring of “myrmidons”
Fulminations and counter-fulminations
Clinton sails for the Carolinas
The fight at Moore’s Creek, Feb. 27, 1776
North Carolina declares for independence
Action of South Carolina and Georgia
Virginia: Lord Dunmore’s proclamation
Skirmish at the Great Bridge; and burning of Norfolk
Virginia declares for independence
Action of Rhode Island and Massachusetts
Independence declared, July 4, 1776
The Declaration was a deliberate expression of the sober thought of the American people
CHAPTER V FIRST BLOW AT THE CENTRE
Lord Cornwallis arrives upon the scene
Battle of Fort Moultrie, June 28, 1776
British plan for conquering the Hudson and cutting the United Colonies in twain
Lord Howe’s futile attempt to negotiate with Washington unofficially
The military problem at New York
Importance of Brooklyn Heights
Battle of Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776
Howe prepares to besiege the Heights;
ut Washington slips away with his army
His vigilance robbed the British of the most golden opportunity ever afforded them
The conference at Staten Island, Sept. 11
Howe takes the city of New York, Sept. 15
ut Mrs. Lindley Murray saves the garrison
Attack upon Harlem Heights Sept 16
Howe moves upon Throg’s Neck, but Washington changes base
Baffled at White Plains, Howe tries a new plan
Washington’s orders in view of the emergency
Congress meddles with the situation and muddles it
Howe takes Fort Washington by storm, Nov. 16
Outrageous conduct of Charles Lee
Greene barely escapes from Fort Lee, Nov. 20
Lee intrigues against Washington
Washington retreats into Pennsylvania
Reinforcements come from Schuyler
Fortunately for the Americans, the British capture Charles Lee, Dec. 13
The times that tried men’s souls
Washington prepares to strike back
And pierces the British centre at Trenton, Dec. 26
Cornwallis comes up to retrieve the disaster
And thinks he has run down the “old fox”
But Washington prepares a checkmate
And again severs the British line at Princeton, Jan. 3
General retreat of the British toward New York
Washington’s superb generalship
CHAPTER VI SECOND BLOW AT THE CENTRE
Battle of Valcour Island, Oct. 11, 1776
Congress promotes five junior brigadiers over Arnold, Feb. 19, 1777
Gates intrigues against Schuyler
Tryon’s expedition against Danbury
Arnold defeats Tryon at Ridgefield, April 27, 1777
The military centre of the United States was the state of New York
A second blow to be struck at the centre. The plan of campaign
Danger from New England ignored
The dispatch that was never sent
Burgoyne advances upon Ticonderoga
Phillips seizes Mount Defiance
St. Clair abandons Ticonderoga, July 5, 1777
One swallow does not make a summer
Schuyler wisely evacuates Fort Edward
Enemies gathering in Burgoyne’s rear
Burgoyne’s address to the chiefs
Importance of Bennington; Burgoyne sends a German force against it
Stark prepares to receive the Germans
Battle of Bennington, Aug. 16, 1777
The invading force annihilated
Effect of the news; Burgoyne’s enemies multiply
Advance of St. Leger upon Fort Stanwix
Thayendanegea prepares an ambuscade
Battle of Oriskany, Aug. 6, 1777
Arnold arrives at Schuyler’s camp
And volunteers to relieve Fort Stanwix
Burgoyne’s dangerous situation
Schuyler superseded by Gates, Aug. 2.
Position of the two armies, Aug. 19-Sept. 12
Why Howe went to Chesapeake Bay
Folly of moving upon Philadelphia, as the “rebel capital”
Washington’s masterly campaign in New Jersey, June, 1777
Uncertainty as to Howe’s next movements
Comments of Washington and Greene
Howe’s alleged reason trumped up and worthless
Burgoyne’s fate practically decided
Washington’s reasons for offering battle
He chooses a very strong position
Battle of the Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777
Washington’s skill in detaining the enemy
The British enter Philadelphia, Sept. 26
Significance of Forts Mercer and Mifflin
Howe captures Forts Mercer and Mifflin
Burgoyne recognizes the fatal error of Germain
Nevertheless he crosses the Hudson
First battle at Freeman’s Farm, Sept. 19; indecisive
Second battle at Freeman’s Farm, Oct. 7; the British totally defeated by Arnold
The British army is surrounded
Clinton comes up the Hudson, but it is too late
The behavior of Congress was simply inexcusable
What became of the captured army
VOLUME II CHAPTER VIII THE FRENCH ALLIANCE
Views of the different parties
Lord North’s political somersault
Strange scene in the House of Commons
Treaty between France and the United States, Feb. 6, 1778
Great Britain declares war against France, March 13
What Chatham would have tried to do
His commissioners in America fail to accomplish anything
Vexatious meddling of Congress
Promoting officers for non-military reasons
Gates is puffed up with success
And shows symptoms of insubordination
Gates tries, unsuccessfully, to save himself by lying
but is successful, as usual, in keeping from under fire
Decline of the Continental Congress
Increasing influence of Washington
CHAPTER X. MONMOUTH AND NEWPORT.
Sir William Howe resigns his command
The British evacuate Philadelphia, June 18, 1778
Arnold takes command at Philadelphia
Washington pursues the British
Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778
Washington retrieves the situation
The French fleet unable to enter the harbour
Attempt to capture the British garrison at Newport
Naval battle prevented by storm
Estaing goes to Boston, to refit his ships
Battle of Butts Hill, Aug. 29, 1778
Unpopularity of the French alliance
Stagnation of the war in the northern states
CHAPTER XI WAR ON THE FRONTIER
Joseph Brant, missionary and war-chief
The Tories of western New York
The valley of Wyoming and its settlers from Connecticut
Massacre at Wyoming, July 3, 1778
Massacre at Cherry Valley, Nov. 10
Battle of Newtown, Aug 29, 1779
Devastation of the Iroquois country
Reign of terror in the Mohawk valley
The wilderness beyond the Alleghanies
Rivalry between Pennsylvania and Virginia for the possession of Fort Pitt
Battle of Point Pleasant and its consequences
Defeat of the Cherokees on the Watauga
Clark’s conquest of the northwestern territory, 1778
Capture of Vincennes, Feb. 23, 1779
Settlement of middle Tennessee
Importance of Clark’s conquest
Tryon’s proceedings, July, 1779
Clinton captures the fortress at Stony Point, May 31, 1779
The storming of Stony Point, July 16, 1779
Henry Lee’s exploit at Paulus Hook.
Importance of the control of the water
Franklin’s supervision of maritime affairs
Jones’s cruise on the British coast
He meets a British fleet off Flamborough Head
Terrific fight between the Serapis and the Bon Homme Richard, Sept. 23, 1779
Relations of Spain to France and England
Treaty between Spain and France, April, 1779
French and Spanish fleets attempt an invasion of England, Aug., 1779
Rights of neutrals upon the sea
Prussian doctrine: free ships make free goods
Influence of the French philosophers
Great Britain wishes to secure an alliance with Russia
France adopts the Prussian doctrine
Affair of Fielding and Bylandt
Spanish cruisers capture Russian vessels
Catherine’s proclamation, March 8, 1780
Vast Importance of the principles laid down by Catherine
Relations between Great Britain and Holland
Holland joins the Armed Neutrality
Capture of Henry Laurens and his papers
Great Britain declares war against Holland, Dec. 20, 1780
Catherine decides not to interfere
Capture of St. Eustatius, Feb. 3, 1781
CHAPTER XIII A YEAR OF DISASTERS
State of things in the Far South
Georgia overrun by the British
Americans routed at Briar Creek, March 3, 1779
Sir Henry Clinton and Lord Cornwallis go to Georgia
The British advance upon Charleston
Surrender of Charleston, May 12, 1780
South Carolina overrun by the British
First appearance of Andrew Jackson
Gates appointed to the chief command in the South
Gates loses the moment for striking
And weakens his army on the eve of battle
And is surprised by Cornwallis
Battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780
Total and ignominious defeat of Gates
His campaign was a series of blunders
Weariness and depression of the people
Evils wrought by the paper currency
In making its requisitions upon the states,
Difficulty of keeping the army together
Arrival of part of the French auxiliary force under Rochambeau
Arnold put in command of Philadelphia June 18, 1778
He makes up his mind to leave the army
Charges are brought against him Jan., 1779
He is acquitted by a committee of Congress in March
The case is referred to a court-martial, April 3, 1779
First correspondence with Clinton
Arnold thirsts for revenge upon Congress
Arnold put in command of West Point, July, 1780
Secret interview between Arnold and André, Sept. 22
The plot for surrendering West Point
André takes compromising documents
And is reluctantly persuaded to return to New York by land, Sept. 22
Washington returns from Hartford sooner than expected
Discovery of the treasonable plot
André taken to Tappan, Sept. 28
André’s trial and sentence, Sept. 29
Captain Ogden’s message, Sept. 30
Lord Stanhope’s unconscious impudence
There is no reason in the world why André should have been spared
His remorse and death, June 14, 1801
Mutiny of Pennsylvania troops, Jan. 1, 1781
Cornwallis invades North Carolina, Sept., 1780
Battle of King’s Mountain, Oct. 7, 1780
Greene appointed to the chief command at the South
Greene’s daring strategy; he threatens Cornwallis on both flanks
Cornwallis retorts by sending Tarleton to deal with Morgan
Morgan’s position at the Cowpens
Battle of the Cowpens, Jan. 17, 1781
Destruction of Tarleton’s force
Brilliant movements of Morgan and Greene
Greene leads Cornwallis a chase across North Carolina
He abandons the Carolinas, and marches into Virginia
Greene’s master-stroke; he returns to South Carolina, April 6-18
And, by taking Fort Watson, cuts Lord Rawdon’s communications, April 23
Rawdon defeats Greene at Hobkirk’s Hill, April 25
All the inland posts taken from the British, May-June
Greene marches against the British, Aug. 22
Battle of Eutaw Springs, Sept. 8
Lord Cornwallis arrives at Petersburg, May 20, 1781
His campaign against Lafayette
Cornwallis retreats to the coast
Elements of the final catastrophe; arrival of the French fleet
News from Grasse and Lafayette
Subtle and audacious scheme of Washington
He transfers his army to Virginia, Aug. 19-Sept. 18
Cornwallis surrounded at Yorktown
Clinton’s attempt at a counterstroke
Arnold’s proceedings at New London, Sept. 6
Surrender of Cornwallis, Oct. 19, 1781
Importance of the aid rendered by the French fleet and army
Difficult position of Great Britain
